Technology for 2 nd Generation Biofuels Petter Hieronymus Heyerdahl
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Technology for 2nd Generation Biofuels 2 GOAL: TO CONVERT WASTES AND DIFFICULT BIOMASS INTO BIOFUELS AND VALUABLE PRODUCTS
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Technology for 2nd Generation Biofuels 3 Pyrolysis: Braking down (lysis) of a material by heat (pyro) Biomass is heated to ºC in the absence of air in a gas thight reaction chamber. Biomass input Gases: CO, CO 2, H 2, CH 4 Liquids Microwave energy input Vola- tiles Char / Carbon and inert solid material Condenser
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Technology for 2nd Generation Biofuels 4 Microwaves are radio waves + - O H H Radio waves travel through biomass Molecules are put into motion – that is heat Frequency: 2450 MHz Wavelength: 12 cm.
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Technology for 2nd Generation Biofuels 5 Heating by microwaves
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Technology for 2nd Generation Biofuels 6 Motor To distillasjon or condensation Feedstock 10 kg/h C + inert 3 x 1.5 kW-generators Main components of the microwave pyrolysis reactor Quarts glass window Purge gas inlet 5 m Ø 250 mm
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Technology for 2nd Generation Biofuels 7 Properties of the continuous MWP plant: Totally closed system No air or oxygen added: – minimum gas volumes generated – high calorific value on gases Low thermal masses of the reactor give short start and shut down times Precise temperature control: - Low carry over of pollutants - Facilitates better product control Small plants can be profitable Electric input 5 – 25 % of feedstock energy content
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Technology for 2nd Generation Biofuels 8 MWP of aspen
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Technology for 2nd Generation Biofuels 9 MWP of municipal solid waste
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Technology for 2nd Generation Biofuels 10 Why MWP? Conclusion Powerful tool in concentration of hazardous components in biomass and waste streams Waste reduction and in-process separation Conversion of biomass and bio wastes for bio fuels, energy and bio chemicals Attractive tool in education and international collaboration Development of new technology – industrialisation