Making salts All Must: Be able to describe how universal indicator can be used estimate the pH of a solution and identify the strength of an acid. Most.

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Presentation transcript:

Making salts All Must: Be able to describe how universal indicator can be used estimate the pH of a solution and identify the strength of an acid. Most Must: Explain that an acid can neutralise an alkali Write a word equation for neutralisation Some Must: Predict the name of the salt produced with different acids and alkalis.

pH scale What is this and why is it used?

Neutralisation What happens when you add a acid to an alkali? acid + alkali salt + water Acids react with alkalis to produce two neutral products.

acid base a saltwater A neutralisation reaction is where an acid reacts with a base to produce a neutral solution of a salt and water Increasingly acidIncreasingly alkali sodium hydroxide pH 14 hydrochloric acid pH 1 neutralisation sodium chloride pH 7

Common Acids are: Name of acidFormula Sulphuric acid Hydrochloric Nitric acid Ethanoic (vinegar) H 2 SO 4 HCl HNO 3 CH 3 COOH

Common alkalis are: Name of alkaliFormula Sodium Hydroxide Potassium Oxide Calcium Carbonates Ammonium Hydroxide NaOH K2OK2O CaCO 3 NH 4 OH

Salts Sulphuric acid Sulphates Nitric acid Nitrates Chlorides Hydrochloric acid

All these are alkalis – that will neutralise an acidAll these are alkalis – that will neutralise an acid Type of compoundContainReact with acids to give Metal Hydroxides Metal Oxides Metal Carbonates OH - O 2- CO 3 2- water + a salt water + a salt + CO 2

1The first part of the name of the salt comes from the first name of the base (alkali) So Ammonium hydroxide gives ammonium ………… Magnesium oxide gives magnesium …………... 2 The acid gives the last part of the name of the salt. sulphates So Sulphuric acid make sulphates nitrates Nitric acid makes nitrates chlorides Hydrochloric acid makes chlorides Eg. Sodium hydroxide + nitric acid forms: Calcium carbonate + sulphuric acid forms: Sodium nitrate calcium sulphate Naming salts

Practical with copper sulphate What is the acid in our practical? dilute sulphuric acid What is the alkali in our practical? Copper oxide What is the name of the salt? Copper sulphate

Practical making copper sulphate

Naming salts

Hydrochloric acid +Sodium hydroxide  Sodium chloride +water Hydrochloric acid +Lithium hydroxide  ……………….. chloride +water Hydrochloric acid +Potassium hydroxide ……………….. +…………………

Hydrochloric acid +potassium hydroxide ……………….. +…………… Sulphuric acid +Lithium hydroxide  ……………….. sulphate +…………… Nitric acid +Lithium hydroxide ……………….. +…………… Naming salts

Plenary

Key word bingo Sodium chloride Potassium nitrate Salt water neutralisation reaction acid alkali corrosive Cleaning products Lithium chloride Magnesium nitrate pH scale indicator