Michael E. Rudder, Ph.D. Regional English Language Office U.S. Embassy Workshop for Teachers of English

Tips for Teaching a Text Tips (suggestions/ideas/“tools for the kit”) Teaching (presenting/facilitating/motivating) Text (textbook/supplementary/authentic materials)

LISTENING & READING ACTIVITIES Pre-Listening Listening Post-Listening Pre-Reading Reading Post-Reading

I. PRE-LISTENING A. Schema-building B. Vocabulary 1. guessing meaning from context 2. presenting key vocabulary (for understanding the main ideas) C. Guide question(s) 1 or 2 simple content questions to create purpose

II. LISTENING A. Guide question(s) B. Comprehension questions 1. choice questions 2. content questions 3. inference questions 4. interpretation questions 5. opinions/feelings C. Summarization (events, characters, places, etc.)

III. POST-LISTENING A. Oral Cloze B. Spot the mistake C. Discussion D. Debate E. Simulated Role-Play F. Dictation G. Writing Assignment

READING ALOUD BY STUDENTS: Why not? 1. Not a real life skill 2. Usually not a good model 3. Other students not involved 4. Attention on pronunciation, not on meaning 5. Interrupted for correction 6. Slows down the learning process

READING ALOUD BY THE TEACHER: How? Make speech sound authentic (stress, intonation, body language, etc.) Tell rather than read: add/explain/paraphrase

I. PRE-READING A. Schema-building B. Scanning specific information C. Skimming general idea

I. PRE-READING D. Vocabulary 1. guessing meaning from context 2. presenting key vocabulary (for understanding the main ideas) E. Guide question(s) 1 or 2 simple content questions to create purpose

II. READING (Silently) A. Guide question(s) B. Comprehension questions 1. choice questions 2. content questions 3. inference questions 4. interpretation questions 5. opinions / feelings C. Summarization events, characters, places, etc.

III. POST-READING A. Discussion B. Debate C. Simulated Role-Play groups and pairs: open and closed D. Dictation E. Writing assignments groups / pairs / individual

DICTATION 1. Listening comprehension Reasons for using dictation 2. Writing exercise 3. Post-reading activity / review 4. Pair-work (correction) 5. Variety (motivation)

DICTATION Hints for implementing dictation 1. Keep it short (1 - 5 sentences) 2. Summarize or paraphrase 3. Write difficult names or words on the blackboard 4. Avoid direct quotations

DICTATION 5. Read the dictated text ONLY 3 times: a) the complete text at slightly slower pace than normal b) in meaningful phrasal segments c) the complete text at a normal pace 6. Allow for self-correction or peer-correction

Feelings Yvonne Lowe - Age 8 I was angry and mad. And it seemed that there was hot water inside me. And as I got madder and madder, The water got hotter and hotter all the time. I was in a rage. Then I began to see colours. Like black and red. Then as I got madder and madder, My eyes began to pop out of my head. They were popping up and down. It was horrible. And it would not stop. I was steaming with anger. Nobody could stop me. My mother could not stop me. Then it was gone. And I was all right. Horrible, black, madness.

Objectives: Linguistic practice (vocabulary, grammar, structures) Variety (text with music) Motivation (music as universal language of expression) Fun (affective, expressive, creative)

Preparation Activities: Schema-building (questions, visuals, background information) Vocabulary (key words, idioms, expressions) Grammar (verb tenses, structures, etc.) Predicting the meaning (title and key words) Strips (putting lyrics in order) Cloze (listening and writing)

Writing assignment (on theme) Re-write lyrics (change first line) Discussion (interpretation, opinions, feelings) Illustration (pictures or mime) Dictation (listening and writing activity) Cloze (oral or written) Follow-up Activities:

“ WHAT A WONDERFUL WORLD !”

I see trees of green red roses too. I see them bloom for me and you.

"what a wonderful world!" And I think to myself,

I see skies of blue and clouds of white. The bright blessed day, the dark sacred night.

“what a wonderful world!” And I think to myself,

The colors of the rainbow so pretty in the sky are also on the faces of people going by.

I see friends shaking hands saying, “how do you do?” They're really saying, “I love you”.

I hear babies cry, than I'll ever know. I watch them grow. They‘ll learn much more

And I think to myself, "what a wonderful world!" Yes, I think to myself, "what a wonderful world!"

“I Believe”

A flower grows. I believe for every drop of rain that falls

I believe that somewhere in the darkest night I believe, I believe. A candle glows. I believe for everyone who goes astray Someone will come to show the way.

I believe above the storm every word. Will still be heard. I believe that someone in the great somewhere the smallest prayer “love” Hears

Every time I hear a newborn baby cry Or see the sky, Or touch a leaf Then I know why I believe.

BELIEVE ! and anything is possible