International Symbols, Archetypes and Visual Literacy by Don and Alleen Nilsen

In investigating International Humor, consider the following metaphor Life is a Journey There are many metaphors to explain life. Life is a box of chocolates. Life is a river. Life is an uphill battle. Life is a walk in the park. Life is an automobile wreck. The best metaphor is that “Life is a Journey.” Here is proof.

Physical Humor Translates Well from Culture to Culture This is one of the reasons that comedians in America’s silent films had international audiences. Examples include: Charlie Chaplin Laurel and Hardy The Three Stooges Buster Keaton

Visual Humor? Helen Keller and Charley Chaplin

The cartoons provide epiphanies, i.e. sudden insights. Political Cartoons also Cross International Boundaries as when New York’s Boss Tweed was recognized by customs agents in Spain and sent back to the U. S. BECAUSE . . . Cartoons are caricatures in which the salient features are exaggerated, so that people are easily recognized. The cartoons provide epiphanies, i.e. sudden insights. The point is made quickly and succinctly, much like the punch line of a joke.

Afghanistan at the Crossroads Ghenghis Khan came to Afghanistan. Marco Polo came to Afghanistan. The Silk Route went through Afghanistan. The British came to Afghanistan. The Americans came to Afghanistan. The Russians came to Afghanistan. The Kuchis travel through Afghanistan; north in the summer, south in the winter. However, Afghanistan is like New York. It’s a great place to visit, but nobody wants to live there.

Our Afghan Web Site: The Nilsen family lived in Afghanistan from 1968-1969. Don taught English at Kabul University, and Alleen taught at the American International School in Kabul (A.I.S.K.) Here is Alleen’s web site called “Afghanistan for Kids” http://www.public.asu.edu/~apnilsen/afghanistan4kids/

Humorous Metaphors in Farsi (Iranian Persian) NOTE: In Farsi, these are dead metaphors and are therefore not funny. But to an outsider learning Farsi, they are amusing. Walking is “baa Xate yazdah” (going by bus line number 11). The 11 stands for your two legs. Ladybird is “kafsh duzak” (little shoe-smith) Ostrich is “shotor-morgh” (camel-hen)

Turkey is “fil morgh” (elephant chicken) Metaphors in Dari (Afghan Persian) Popcorn is “chos e fil” (elephant’s fart)--recently changed to “pof-e fil” = puff Turkey is “fil morgh” (elephant chicken) Turtle is “sang posht” (rock back) Walnut is “chahar maghs” (four brains) Thanks to our Dari and Farsi consultants: Sajida Kamal Grande of the University of Nebraska, Omaha and Behrooz Mahmoodi-Bakhtiari, University of Tehran

Mullah Nasruddin

Afghan Mullah Nasruddin Stories NOTE: Each story about the Mullah teaches a lesson in logic. Tying a balloon to his ankle. Looking for a valuable coin in the wrong place Stealing watermelons Lifting a heavy boulder Shooting a hole in his own shirt His donkey, the salt, and the wool carpet His three Friday sermons

Melbourne, Australia

Bulgarian Humor A yearly humor festival in Gabrovo, Bulgaria, attracts visitors from around the world. They have a museum called the “House of Humour and Satire” with tanks and guns made out of soft cloth. In front of the House of Humour and Satire is a statue of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza. They make fun of the fact that they are cheap. They erected a statue of their humorous founder Racho Kabacho (Racho, the blacksmith) in the middle of the river, because that was where the land was cheap. During the festival, dozens of people dress like Charlie Chaplin with mustaches, top hats, tuxedos, oversized shoes and canes. They walk in straight lines and make right-angle turns.

Bulgarian House of Humour and Satire Icons:

Toronto, Canada

Golou Dajili, China

Prague, Czechoslovakia

Oxford, England

A French Proverb He who lends money to a friend, Loses both. French Humor A French Proverb He who lends money to a friend, Loses both.

Equador’s Pailon del Diablo Two Spanish Proverbs: He who stumbles twice over the same stone Deserves to break his neck. “En boca cerrada No entran moscas.”

German “Schadenfreud” Humor Germany has “Der Struevelpater,” a dark figure who burns up little children who play with matches and cuts off the fingers of little children who play with scissors. This dark figure is designed to teach children that there are serious consequences for doing bad things.

Nurenberg & Potsdam, Germany

Hawaii’s Haiku Scale in Oahu

Budapest, Hungary

India’s Cand Baori Fountain

Indian Humor: Trickster Tales, Pourquoi Stories & Cautionary Tales Most American Indian tribes, like many African tribes, have trickster tales. The tales are cautionary, and they are also explanatory. African Anansi tales tell why mosqitoes buzz, and why the elephant has a long trunk. Indian Coyote stories and other trickster tales tell how a person should act often by demonstrating how not to act.

The Irish Rogue The Irish Rogue is not a criminal, but he is bright, charismatic, and subversive. Eoin Colfer’s Artemis Fowl (written for young readers) is a typical Irish Rogue, in the tradition of Christy Mahon in John Synge’s Playboy of the Western World, Mr. Boyle in Sean O’Casey’s Juno and the Paycock, Finn MacCool in James Joyce’s Finnegans Wake, and Sebastian Dangerfield in J. P. Donleavy’s The Ginger Man. Jonathan Swift was even being a bit roguish when he wrote “A Modest Proposal.”

Rogues are revered in Ireland, because it was the Rogues who fought back when the English were taking over Ireland. Rogues break rules and laws, but it is always for the greater good. Rogues are “entertaining and high spirited, and they diffuse violence with their use of humor. Although they are flirtatious, they seldom form any lasting alliances with women.”

Many rogues are linked to an aristocratic figure, usually an Irish rebel chief, for whom they risk their lives. The ‘rogue’ is articulate, good natured, fun loving, and exhibits an irrepressible élan vital. Rogues tend to be imaginative and resilient comic figures.

Japanese Humor The Japanese are very serious during working hours. They consider their bosses and their fellow workers part of their family, and they do their best to be productive and impress their working companions. But after working hours, they go to Karaoke bars, drink saki, and make fun of their bosses and their companions. Such humor is usually slapstick and silly.

Japan: Picachu

Navajo Humor In contrast to Japanese humor, Navajo humor is part of everyday life. It tends to be physical, and it involves many practical jokes. Navajos will often parody white men by talking loudly, boasting, and interrupting others. When a child is born into a Navajo family, everybody tries to make the child laugh, and the first person who is successful in doing so becomes a part of the family. There is even a formal ceremony to induct this laugh-inducer into the child’s family.

In Native American cultures, “contraries” or “ritual clowns” do things backwards, as demonstrations of what not to do, e.g. they Ride their horses backwards. Wear little clothing in the winter and much clothing in the summer. Lift great weights with ease and have difficulty lifting light weights. Attack a powerful enemy, and cower at a lesser power. Say the opposite of the truth.

Amsterdam, Netherlands

Norwegian Statue

Peru’s Wayna Pichu at Machu Pichu A Spanish Proverb Beware of enemies reconciled, and of meat twice boiled.

Poland: International Society for Humor Studies 2012 Conference in Krakow, Poland

Portugal: Red Bull Cliff

Romanian Humor When a group of Romanians came to our ASU humor conference in 1986, they sent us this news story about the event published in their home town newspaper. All we recognized was the sketch of Gammage Auditorium on the right.

Russian Humor These men from the Soviet Union came to our 1986 humor conference at ASU. Our closing dinner was at Rawhide and they slipped away to have their pictures taken with an American barmaid.

A Russian Statue

Singapore

Bratislava, Slovakia

South African Mountain Climbing

Madrid, Spain

Stockholm, Sweden Finger Points to a Hotel

Switzerland’s Elbsandsteingebirge Stairs

Kharkiv, Ukraine

Dallas, Texas Salt Lake City, Utah in the United States

So Our Journey is Finished As J. R. R So Our Journey is Finished As J. R. R. Tolkien said in the Subtitle of The Hobbit: “There and Back Again”