Shrimp/Prawn culture Penaied shrimp –3 common species (early on) 1.White, pink, and brown shrimp 2.Asian species (Penaeus monodon) – most widely cultured in Asia Spawning – important for culture 1.Collecting/sourcing females with spermatophores attached Trawling in short tows to find subject females Placed in buckets and will spawn w/in 24 hrs 2. Prevents production of a gonadal development inhibiting hormone

Shrimp/Prawn culture Spawning (continued) 3.Alternate methods from ablation – –Many studies – not highly successful Larval stages 5 naupliar (nonfeeding) stages 3 protozoea stages (begin feeding at 2 nd stage) 3 mysis stages Feeding Larval stages - Phytoplankton, phyto + brine shrimp nauplii or zooplankton (mysis stage) Postlarval stages –

Crawfish culture Species/region –Louisiana (80%), Texas, South Carolina Red swamp crawfish (Procambarus clarkii) White river crawfish (P. acutus) –60% from capture fishery (as of early 90’s) –Aquaculture production SC – 500 – 800 kg/ha/yr LA – 2000 kg/ha/yr Spawning (under natural conditions) – –Drain ponds w/in few weeks Animals burrow into pond bottom Reproduction occurs in burrows – –200 – 700 juveniles per female

Crawfish culture Feeding/care –Pond flooding in Sept – Oct period (time of hatching) –Vegetation planted in summer as forage –Polyculture with marketable grains (rice, soybeans, etc). Crop harvested and stubble left for forage – Young crawfish become free swimming (1cm) –Poor growth –Females may leave and find water (undesirable) Harvesting –

Oyster culture US culture – –Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico – American oyster (C. virginica) Disease problems severely affected wild stocks (Chesapeke bay and Florida Gulf coast) Methods –Early efforts - Spat (larvae) settle and grow –Current hatchery production (commercialization) Spat culture

Oyster culture Spawning –Oysters conditioned to spawn Sperm suspension introduced Female may release several million eggs –Eggs removed with fine mesh sieve Transferred to filtered seawater Hatch to larvae within 48 hrs –Metamorphosis occurs (10 days) –Spat stocked at 10 to 50 per oyster shell cultch On substrate In bags

Oyster culture Commercialization –In Washington Spat produced in hatchery Feeding –Phytoplankton (feed spat) Culture algae in fiberglass tanks (10,000 L) Centrifuge algae down to 1 L –Small amount added to tank –Food for spat and newly settled oysters –Used until seeded cultch distributed to natural environment Harvest at various sizes