How to Spatially Enable Your IBM Informix Database Chris Bosch

2 Agenda  Introduction  spatial data models  spatial standards  spatial products  spatial processes  Geometry concepts  Spatially enabling your database  Moving forward

3 Introduction: spatial data models  Fundamental GIS data models Raster Vector Real World

4 Introduction: spatial data models  Collections of Thematic Layers

5 Introduction: spatial standards  Open GIS Consortium (OGC)  OpenGIS Simple Features Specification for SQL, Revision 1.1 –SQL92 implementations (SFS NG) using numeric SQL types for geometry storage and ODBC access. using binary SQL types for geometry storage and ODBC access. –SQL92 with Geometry Types implementations (SFS TF) supporting both textual and binary ODBC access to geometry.  SQL/MM (Multi-Media)

6 Introduction: spatial products  OGC SFS conforming products

7 Introduction: spatial products  IBM  DB2 Spatial Extender  IDS Spatial DataBlade module  IDS Geodetic DataBlade module  Partner products for IBM Informix Dynamic Server  MapInfo SpatialWare module  MapInfo Geocoding module  BCS Grid  And more …

8 Introduction: spatial processes  Input  Manipulation  Management  Query  Analysis  Visualization

9 Agenda  Introduction  Geometry concepts  Coordinate Systems  OGC Geometry Object Model  Basic Methods on Geometries  Methods for testing Spatial Relations  Methods that support Spatial Analysis  Spatially enabling your database  Moving forward

10  Multiple Coordinate systems exist  Geographic (GEOGCS) –longitude/latitude  Projected (PROJCS) –X,Y  Geocentric (GEOCCS) –X,Y,Z  Defined by several objects  DATUM  SPHEROID  PRIMEM  UNIT Geometry Concepts

11  What is coordinate data?  Sets of values describing a particular location on a grid.  Longitude/Latitude  X,Y  Z –Altitude or Depth value  M –Measures 0,0 10 y 20 x Geometry Concepts

12  Projections  Transform locations of features on the Earth’s surface to a two dimensional surface. –Mathematical –Preserving Shape –Preserving Accuracy area distance location Geometry Concepts

13 Geometry Concepts  Conic  A portion of the Earth's surface is projected onto a cone. The cone is then flattened  Mercator  The Earth's sphere is flattened out. In this projections the further away from the equator a point is, the larger it seems

14 Geometry Concepts

15 Geometry Concepts

16 Geometry Concepts  OpenGIS Consortium (OGC) Geometry Object Model

17 Geometry Concepts  Basic Methods on Geometries  Dimension ( ):Integer  GeometryType ( ):String  SRID ( ):Integer  Envelope ( ):Geometry  IsEmpty ( ):Integer  IsSimple ( ):Integer  Boundary ( ):Geometry  AsText ( ):String  AsBinary ( ):Binary

18 Geometry Concepts  Dimension  used to classify shapes  three values can be used –0 (has neither length nor area) points, multipoints –1 (has length) linestrings, multilinestrings –2 (has area) polygons, multipolygons

19 Geometry Concepts  IsSimple  Some subclasses may be simple or non-simple, while others are always simple  multipoints, linestrings, multilinestrings are non-simple if their interiors intersect Non-simpleSimple Non-simpleSimple

20 Geometry Concepts  IsEmpty  A geometry is empty if it does not have any points –An empty set  An empty geometry has an instantiable type  An empty geometry has an SRID –The set is empty but has the same SRID as the column being queried.

21 Geometry Concepts  SRID (Spatial Reference ID)  Each ordinate of a geometry is stored within a 32-bit integer  The x offset, y offset and system units determine the limits (“box”) of the coordinate reference system  Spatial functions require that geometries have the same SRID –Geometries stored in a spatial column must all have the same SRID

22 Geometry Concepts  Geometry types  Point  LineString  Polygon  MultiPoint  MultiLineString  MultiPolygon

23 Geometry Concepts  Point  Represent distinct locations –wells, landmarks, elevations...  Dimension of 0  Single XY coordinate  Always simple  Null boundary –all “interior” interior

24 Geometry Concepts  LineString  Represent linear feature –rivers, roads, power lines...  Dimension of 1 –linestrings have length  String of coordinates defining a linear interpolated path  Simple if it does not intersect its interior simplenon-simple

25 Geometry Concepts  LineString continued …  Boundary is the endpoints  Boundary is null if the linestring is closed  LineString is a ring if the linestring is closed and simple boundary interior

26 Geometry Concepts  Polygon  A surface stored as a sequence of points that define an exterior ring and possibly one or more interior rings  The rings cannot overlap  Rings can intersect at a tangent  Always simple interior boundary

27 Geometry Concepts  Polygon continued …  The rings are the boundary  Polygons have area and length (perimeter)  Define water bodies, parcels of land... Polygon with a hole. Outer coordinates are expressed counter-clockwise, inner coordinates clockwise.

28 Geometry Concepts  MultiPoint  A collection of points  Dimension of 0  Simple or non-simple  Boundary is NULL  Define broadcast patterns...

29 Geometry Concepts  MultiLineString  A collection of linestrings  Dimension of 1  Has length  Simple and non-simple  Simple if endpoints of all elements intersect SimpleNon-SimpleSimple

30 Geometry Concepts  MultiLineString continued …  Boundary is the endpoints of all elements combined  Boundary is null if all endpoints intersect other endpoints, in which case the MultiLineString is closed  Define networks

31 Geometry Concepts  MultiPolygon  A collection of polygons  Dimension of 2  Has area and perimeter  Boundary is defined by the set of interior and exterior rings that form its elements

32 Geometry Concepts  MultiPolygon continued …  Always simple  Rings cannot overlap  Rings can intersect at a single tangent point

33 Geometry Concepts  Methods for testing Spatial Relations between Geometries  Equals (anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer  Disjoint (anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer  Intersects (anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer  Touches (anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer  Crosses (anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer  Within (anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer  Contains (anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer  Overlaps (anotherGeometry:Geometry):Integer  Relate (anotherGeometry:Geometry, intersectionPatternMatrix:String):Integer

34 Geometry Concepts  Equals

35 Geometry Concepts  Disjoint

36 Geometry Concepts  Intersects

37 Geometry Concepts  Touches

38 Geometry Concepts  Crosses

39 Geometry Concepts  Within

40 Geometry Concepts  Contains

41 Geometry Concepts  Overlaps

42 Geometry Concepts  Methods that support Spatial Analysis  Intersection (anotherGeometry:Geometry):Geometry  Union (anotherGeometry:Geometry):Geometry  Difference (anotherGeometry:Geometry):Geometry  SymDifference (anotherGeometry:Geometry):Geometry  Buffer (distance:Double):Geometry  ConvexHull ( ):Geometry  Distance (anotherGeometry:Geometry):Double

43 Geometry Concepts  Intersection

44 Geometry Concepts  Difference

45 Geometry Concepts  Union

46 Geometry Concepts  SymDifference

47 Geometry Concepts  Buffer

48 Geometry Concepts  ConvexHull

49 Agenda  Introduction  Geometry concepts  Spatially enabling your database  Product version requirements  Installation and configuration  Adding spatial types and functions to your database  Adding spatial data to your database  Moving forward

50 Agenda  Introduction  Geometry concepts  Spatially enabling your database  Moving forward  Enroll in customer training courses  Become certified  Participate in user community  Make use of on-line resources  Engage IBM technical support  Provide feedback

51 Moving Forward  Enroll in customer training courses  IBM Informix Dynamic Server –FN-848: Managing and Optimizing IBM Informix Dynamic Server Databases –FN-910: Data Migration and Reorganization –L1-846: IBM Informix Dynamic Server Administration –L2-403: IBM Informix Dynamic Server Performance Tuning –L2-748: IBM Informix Dynamic Server Backup and Restore

52 Moving Forward  Enroll in customer training courses  IBM DB2 –CF030 - DB2 Family Fundamentals (also available via CD-ROM) –CF120 - DB2 SQL Workshop (also available via CD-ROM) –CF131 - DB2 Advanced SQL Workshop (also available via CD-ROM) –CT28C - DB2 UDB for Experienced Relational DBAs (CD-ROM) –DW230 - Managing Geographic Data with DB2 Spatial Extender –  ESRI –Creating and Managing Geodatabases (for ArcEditor 8 and ArcInfo 8) –Introduction to ArcSDE using ArcInfo –ArcSDE Administration for DB2 –

53 Moving Forward  Become certified  IBM Certified Solutions Expert - DB2 UDB V7.1 Database Administration for UNIX, Linux, Windows and OS/2 –Test 512 (or 718): DB2 UDB V7.1 Family Fundamentals –Test 513 (or 719): DB2 UDB V7.1 for UNIX, Linux, Windows and OS/2 Database Administration

54 Moving Forward  Become certified  IBM Certified Solutions Expert - Informix Dynamic Server V9 System Administrator –Test : Managing and Optimizing Informix Dynamic Server Databases –Test : System Administration for IBM Informix Dynamic Server Version 9

55 Moving Forward  Participate in user community  International Informix Users Group –  International DB2 Users Group –  ESRI International User Conference –

56 Moving Forward  Make use of on-line resources  Open GIS Consortium –  IBM DB2 Spatial Extender –  IBM Informix Spatial DataBlade module –  IBM Geodetic DataBlade module –  ESRI – ;  IBM developerWorks : DB2 Developer Domain : Informix Developer Zone –  Newsgroups –news://news.software.ibm.com/ibm.software.db2.udb.spatialnews://news.software.ibm.com/ibm.software.db2.udb.spatial

57 Moving Forward  Engage IBM Informix technical support  The IBM Software Support Guide begins here –  Information specific to support of IBM Informix products –  Information specific to support of IBM Informix Dynamic Server –  Information specific to support of IBM DB2 –  Information specific to support of IBM DB2 Spatial Extender –  Provide feedback

How to Spatially Enable Your IBM Informix Database Chris Bosch