Platzhalter Titelbild Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) as Water-Blocking Components in Cables Martin Tennie ICC Meeting November.

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Presentation transcript:

Platzhalter Titelbild Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) as Water-Blocking Components in Cables Martin Tennie ICC Meeting November 2012 St.Petersburg, Florida, USA

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Modern Superabsorbents Seite | 2

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Modern Superabsorbents Seite | 3 SAP is a crosslinked and partely neutralized (mostely with Sodium) poly-Acrylic-Acid forming a 3-dimensional network COO Na COOH COO Na COOH COO Na COOH COO Na Na OOC HOOC Na OOC HOOC

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Polymerisation Seite | 4 Radical Chain Polymerisation I-CH 2 -CH-CH 2 -CH-COOH COOH  I-CH 2 -CH-COOH  I  + CH 2 =CH-COOH I-CH 2 -CH-COOH  + CH 2 =CH-COOH I  : Radicalic Starter I-CH 2 -CH-CH 2 -CH-COOH COOH  + CH 2 =CH-COOH I-CH 2 -CH-CH 2 -CH-CH 2 -CH COOH 

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Crosslinking Seite | 5 Time Temp. Time Temp. Time Temp. I-CH 2 -CH-CH 2 -CH-CH 2 -CH COOH -I I I I Short chains „Extractables“

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Polymerdesign and Properties Seite | 6 Absorption/Retention: Funktion of cross-linking Retention / Absorption Degree of crosslinking (crosslinker/ monomer ratio) High retention capacity

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Polymerdesign and Properties Seite | 7 Elasic Modulus: Funktion of cross-linking Gel Strength / Absorption under load Degree of crosslinking Soft swollen gel Easily deformed High gel strength SAP Not easily deformed

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Polymerdesign and Properties Seite | 8 Absorption speed: Function of elasticity (cross-linking) and particle size Small particle large outer surface Large particle small surface area Relaxing force vs swelling force Swelling Force Relaxing Force

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Hydrolysis Stability Seite | 9 Turning from a particle of hydrogel into a viscous liquid Energy/Water Breaking the x-linkingBreaking the chains

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Product Properties Seite | 10 Absorption Speed Absorption/Retention Hydrolysis Stability “Gelstrength” Elastic Modulus Water Conductivity “Permeability”

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Core Property - Permeability Seite | 11 Permeability means water transport through a mass of swollen SAP High permeability Low Permeability

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Influencing the Permeability Seite | 12 Particle shape

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Influencing the Permeability Seite | 13 Extractables: Short to mid chain length and not incorporated to the network and water soluble. Acting as thickener and increase the viscosity of water. Darcy´s Law: = Pressure difference driving the permeation = Specific permeability of sample = Cross-sectional area of sample = Length of sample = Viscosity of fluid

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Tested SAP Materials Seite | 14 Sample Code MorphologyBead Crystal Absorption in DI Water [g/g] Absorption Speed [mm after 1 min.] >

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Gel Degradation at 80 °C Seite | 15 Degradation of hydrogel made with DI-water (x-axis not linear)

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Gel Degradation at 80 °C Seite | 16 Degradation of hydrogel made with Synthetic Sea Water (DIN 50900) (x-axis not linear)

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Gel Degradation at 80 °C Seite | 17 Degradation of hydrogel made with hard tap-water (Grade4) (x-axis not linear)

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Gel Degradation Seite | 18 What the numbers mean in reality – A non stable product

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Gel Degradation Seite | 19 What the numbers mean in reality – A non stable product 3 weeks later

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Gel Degradation Seite | 20 What the numbers mean in reality– A non stable product

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Gel Degradation Seite | 21 What the numbers mean in reality – A stable product

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Gel Degradation Seite | 22 What the numbers mean in reality – A stable product 3 weeks later

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Gel Degradation Seite | 23 What the numbers mean in reality– A stable product

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Rheological Properties Seite | 24 Correlation E-modulus and degree of saturation (DI-water)

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Rheological Properties Seite | 25 Gelstrength of 100% saturated (DI-water) SAP

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Permeability Determination Seite | 26 Shematic and real set-up of test equipment

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Permeability Determination Seite | 27 Picture of a treated capillary. The red lines indicates the measured penetration distance.

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Permeability Determination Seite | 28 TimeSample 1Sample 2Sample 3Sample 4Sample 5Sample 6 Minutes Days Density [g/g] DI Water at 20 °C

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Permeability Determination Seite | 29 DI-Water at 60 °C TimeSample 1Sample 2Sample 3Sample 4Sample 5Sample 6 Minutes Days Density [g/g]

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Permeability Determination Seite | 30 Tap Water (Hardness 4) at 20 °C TimeSample 1Sample 2Sample 3Sample 4Sample 5Sample 6 Minutes Days Density [g/g]

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Permeability Determination Seite | 31 Tap Water (Hardness 4) at 60 °C TimeSample 1Sample 2Sample 3Sample 4Sample 5Sample 6 Minutes Days Density [g/g]

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Permeability Determination Seite | 32 Synthetic Seawater (DIN 50900) at 20 °C TimeSample 1Sample 2Sample 3Sample 4Sample 5Sample 6 Minutes Days Density [g/g]

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Permeability Determination Seite | 33 Synthetic Seawater (DIN 50900) at 60 °C TimeSample 1Sample 2Sample 3Sample 4Sample 5Sample 6 Minutes Days Density [g/g]

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Discussion and Conclusion Seite | 34 Correlation E-Modulus and Penetrationlength (DI-Water at 20 °C]

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Discussion and Conclusion Seite | 35 Not the initial swell speed and high absorption capacity guaranted long term sealing. Important is rheological structure and hydrolysis stability of swollen SAP is key factor. Testing the parameters hydrolysis-stability and permeability of swollen SAP at higher temperatures show performance differences in short time.

Martin Tennie ICC Meeting Nov.2012, St. Petersburg, Florida Expression of Thanks Seite | 36 Mr. Alton Deaton Dr. Jochen Houben Mr. Bobby Mitra Dr. Scott Smith and all of you for your interest.