Earth’s History & Geologic Time Notes

How Changes Occur on the Earth Plate Tectonics: theory of how Earth’s tectonic _______ move and ________ in _______ plates move an average of _______ a year and in ______ different ways plates change shape 2-5cm three

How Changes Occur on the Earth convergent boundary: plates move ________ each other plates can _______ to form ___________ or one plate can _____ ______ another plate creating a line of ___________ toward collide mountains slide under volcanoes

How Changes Occur on the Earth divergent boundary: plates move ______ from each other new _____ ______ here; could be new _______ floor or ___________ crust away land forms ocean continental

How Changes Occur on the Earth transform boundary: plates _____ _____ each other creating _____________ slide past earthquakes

How Changes Occur on the Earth Continental Drift: describes that as tectonic _______ move, ___________ have _______ with them changing the Earth’s surface plates continents moved

Quick Write # 1 How does the Planet Earth Change? List two directions that the plates move and what do they form? What is Continental Drift? How fast are the plates moving apart per year?

Affects of Earth Changes As _______ and continents ______ together and ______, there are many consequences can ________ how ______ currents and _____ patterns flow on the Earth these changes affect the _____ of _____ around the Earth which can cause _________ in ________ plates move apart change ocean wind flow heat changes climate

Warm tropical waters flowed between continents Ex: when the panama land bridge formed it changed the flow of the oceans. Gulf stream created. Moves warm water across the Atlantic Ocean giving western Europe a mild climate. Warm tropical waters flowed between continents

Affects of Earth Changes can cause the __________ of new _________ and environments can ________ existing habitats and ______________ formation habitats destroy environments

Ex: the panama land bridge also changed habitats and the distribution of organisms. Land animals not able to move between continents, however, sea animals were able to move between the oceans Allowed land animals to move between North & South America. Sea creatures were separated and some evolved into different species.

Affects of Earth Changes organisms affected ____________ are _________ by the changes caused by plate tectonics organisms will either _______ to the _________ (evolve) or become ________ extinction: the _______ of every member of a _________ adapt changes extinct death species

Affects of Earth Changes some earth changes ____ _______ in the ______ ___________ of organisms mass extinction: the _______ of ______ species around the ______ _____ can result mass extinction death many same time

Affects of Earth Changes could be caused by _________ events, like ________ change and changes in ocean currents, or _____________ events, like an _________ impact gradual climate catastrophic asteroid

Geologic Time Scale Geologic Time Scale smaller units Developed _________ _____ ______ to break up Earth’s history into ________ ______ Geologic Time Scale smaller units

Geologic Time Scale 4 divisions Geologic time scale has ___ major _________ of time: _____ are the ________ division, followed by _____, then ________ and finally ________ (the _________ division of the four) divisions Eons largest eras periods epochs smallest

Geologic Time Scale determined major changes changes living extinction divisions of the time scale are ____________ by _______ _________ in Earth’s history major _________ in ______ things, ___________ of living things and changes in the ________ _________ decide how to divide Earth’s history determined major changes changes living extinction Earth’s surface

Quick Write # 2 4. Name 3 ways that the changes on Earth affect us. 5. Explain what is the Geologic Time Scale.

Precambrian Time: 4.6 billion years ago – 542 million years ago First organisms called _____________ (cells without a nucleus) appeared in ________ more than ____ billion years ago prokaryotes oceans 3.6

Precambrian Time uses photosynthesis released oxygen Cyanobacteria: type of prokaryote that _____ ________________ to make own food. Photosynthesis _________ ________ into the atmosphere and began to build up over millions of years. uses photosynthesis released oxygen

Precambrian Time ozone protected radiation complex organisms land Oxygen build-up led to the formation of _______ which __________ organisms from the harmful _________ of the sun Allowed for development of _________ organisms & for ___________ to survive on _____ ozone protected radiation complex organisms land

Precambrian Time eukaryotes appear without end Precambrian After about 1 billion years ____________ (cells with a nucleus) began to _______ Invertebrates (animals ________ backbones) developed near the ____ of the _____________ eukaryotes appear without end Precambrian

Quick Write # 3 6. What two types of living Organisms appeared during the Precambrian Time? 7. Which one gave Earth oxygen and why was this imporatant?

Paleozoic Era: 542 – 251 million years ago hard parts First organisms with _____ body ______ (shells, exoskeletons & bones) evolved Broken into ____ periods six

Paleozoic Era marine backbones with Cambrian: ________ animals with hard body parts 2. Ordovician: early vertebrates appeared (animals _____ ____________) with backbones

Paleozoic Era plant fish dominant amphibians Silurian: ______ life on land evolved 4. Devonian: ____ evolved and were __________; early ____________ show up in the fossil record plant fish dominant amphibians

Paleozoic Era Mississippian amphibians dominant reptiles 5. Carboniferous: divided into ______________ & Pennsylvanian in U.S. ● Mississippian: ____________ were the __________ vertebrate ● Pennsylvanian: early ________ emerge Mississippian amphibians dominant reptiles

Paleozoic Era Pangaea loss habitat 6. Permian: formation of the large land mass called ________ caused ____ of coastal _______ and climate change Pangaea loss habitat

Paleozoic Era 90 changes environments Period ended with a mass extinction of ____% of all organisms due to _________ in the _______________ caused by plate tectonics 90 changes environments

Quick Write #4 8. How long did the Paleozoic Era last? 9. What happened at the end of the Paleozoic Era?

Mesozoic Era: 251 - 65 million years ago Era known as “_____ of ___________” and broken into 3 periods 1. Triassic: time of ____________ small ___________ evolved Age Dinosaurs transition dinosaurs

Mesozoic Era organisms spread land distribution existed Pangaea ________ during much of the Triassic allowed for ___________ left after Permian mass extinction to ________ over the _____ (allowed for ____________ of organisms) existed organisms spread land distribution

Mesozoic Era dinosaurs dominant larger dinosaurs 2. Jurassic: ___________ were __________ _______ species of __________ evolved dinosaurs dominant larger dinosaurs

Mesozoic Era Pangaea __________ throughout the period breaks up

Mesozoic Era Birds evolved dinosaurs feathers teeth claws ______ are thought to have ________ from __________ Archaeopteryx: wings & _________ like birds, but ______ & ______ like dinosaurs Birds evolved dinosaurs feathers teeth claws

Mesozoic Era birds sequoias trees 3. Cretaceous: dinosaurs still dominant; modern insect, ______ & mammal groups appear pine, __________, and fir ______ evolved birds sequoias trees

Mesozoic Era Flowering dominant volcanic ___________ plants (angiosperms) are still __________ today increased _________ activity Flowering dominant volcanic

Mesozoic Era Dinosaurs extinct changing ___________ became ________ at the end; __________ environments Dinosaurs extinct changing

The real reason Dinosaurs went extinct… Dinosaur Extinction.wmv

Quick Write # 5 10. What happened to Pangaea during the Mesozoic Era? 11. What happened at the end of this Era?

Cenozoic Era: 65 million years ago to the present Early in Cenozoic ___________ were small, but _________ into many different _______ over the era, including _______ mammals mammals evolved forms larger

Cenozoic Era mountain Cascade Times of ___________ building: Sierra Nevada, _________ & Andes Mountain ranges form mountain Cascade

Cenozoic Era cooler ice ages species moved others extinct Era Periods of _______ climates and ____ _____: some ________ _______ towards the equator (warmer climates) and _______ became ________ ____ still ___________ today cooler ice ages species moved others extinct Era continues

Quick Write # 6 12. What happened during the Cenozoic era after mammals came on the seen? 13. When did the Cenozoic era end?