Secure, Collaborative, Web Service enabled and Bittorrent Inspired High-speed Scientific Data Transfer Framework

Introduction Scientific applications generates terabytes or even petabytes. – High-energy physics Cern is a funded jointly by 20 European countries, with 3000 staff supporting 6500 researchers in 35 nations The large hadron collider (LHC) project will create 15 petabytes per year of data – Fusion power – Climate modeling – Earthquake engineering – Astronomy – Biology

Data Intensive Science: [1] Scientific discovery increasingly driven by data collection – Computationally intensive analyses – Massive data collections – Data distributed across networks of varying capability – Internationally distributed collaborations Dominant factor: data growth (1 Petabyte = 1000 TB) – 2000~0.5 Petabyte – 2005~10 Petabytes – 2010~100 Petabytes – 2015~1000 Petabytes?

Requirements for Scientific Data Transfer Transferring scientific data over large-scale requires – efficient, – high-performance, – reliable, – secure – policy-aware management – optimum use of resources (CPU, storage, network bandwidth)

Background There are successful attempts to meet the above requirements as – GridFTP – GridFTPXIO – GridHTTP – TeraGrid Copy (TGCP) – The Replica Location Service (RLS) – gLite

GridFTP Extension of the standard FTP protocol Reliable, secure high performance Efficient the de facto standard for transferring data in many Grid projects However, GridFTP does not offer a web service interface.

GridFTP (cont.) Additional features supported by the GridFTP protocol – Grid Security Infrastructures (GSI) and Kerberos support – Support for reliable and restartable data transfer: restart transfers from point of failure when failures occurred – Partial file transfer: regions of a file transfer. – Parallel data transfer: multiple TCP streams between two network endpoints to improve bandwidth. – Third-party control of data transfer: the ability to control transfers between storage servers from remote (third- party) server.

GridHTTP Allow large (gigabyte) files to be transferred at optimal speeds using HTTP Does not deviate from existing HTTP standards, But describes how to use existing headers and methods to produce an encrypted data stream. Support bulk data transfers via unencrypted HTTP, Support authentication and authorization with the usual grid credentials over HTTP.

GridFTPXIO The Globus eXtensible Input/Output (XIO) System provides an abstraction layer to transport protocols. enables different I/O problems to be presented uniformly as a simple open/close/read/write (OCRW) interface. a support framework for developing communication protocols. an interface that enables an existing application written with XIO to access their hardware. primary usage scenarios –Independence from the Transport Control Protocol –Ease of Adding GridFTP Support to Third-Party Applications –Ease of Providing GridFTP Access to Data Storage

TeraGrid Copy (TGCP) TeraGrid Copy (TGCP) solution includes three main components: – GridFTP Service – RFT Service – TGCP shell script In the striped configuration, – GridFTP service runs on several nodes of a cluster – the data to be transferred is partitioned among the nodes – each node may use several parallel streams to attain the maximum performance

TGCP (cont.) The tgcp script can use the globus-url-copy tool – (A) in either third-party transfer mode – (B) in conventional GridFTP client mode

TGCP (cont.) RFT Service will be used to manage the transfer. adds additional reliability to the transfer request transfer will be completed, if failure occurred during the transfer.

The Replica Location Service (RLS) provides a framework for tracking the physical locations of data that has been replicated. maps logical names to physical names. Replication of data items can reduce access latency, improve data locality, increase robustness, scalability and performance for distributed applications. does not operate in isolation, used with other components like the Reliable File Transfer service, GridFTP, the Metadata Catalog Service, and etc.

RLS (cont.) The current RLS implementation has the following features. – Local Replica Catalogs (LRCs) – Replica Location Indices (RLIs) – LRCs send information about their state to RLIs using soft state protocols. – Optional "Bloom Filter" compression can be used to summarize the contents of the LRC. – The current RLS implementation maintains static information about the LRCs and RLIs participating in the distributed system.

Our proposal: GridTorrent We are proposing a new distributed file peer- to-peer protocol in scientific data in an acceptable speed Similar to (GridFTP) redefining of FTP protocol to adjust it using in scientific data transfer There are many studies show that Bittorrent can be used for scientific applications

GridTorrent Architecture

Advantages Saves resources by taking advantage of the unused upload capacity of downloaders. – CPU – Network Bandwidth – Disk Reliable Jobs can be started and stopped using web interface Can be deployed under any system Secure

Initial Test results File size is around 185MB LAN test result: – Sources were on gridfarm machines (Bloomington, IN) and client was on complexity machine (Indianapolis, IN) – Transfer speed 71 Mbps. – PTCP transfer speed is around 80 Mbps with the same situation. – bandwidth usage of each source: WAN test result: Like LAN tests, sources were on gridfarm machines (Bloomington, IN) and client was on pipeline3 machine (San Diego, CA). Transfer speed is 17 Mbps PTCP transfer speed is around 27 Mbps with the same situation. seed1 Seed2Seed3seed4 44MB53Mb47Mb41MB seed1 Seed2Seed3seed4 52MB45Mb43Mb48MB

Why Bittorrent? Alternative Peer to Peer Protocols – FastTrack – Gnutella – eDonkey – Direct Connect – Ares Why BitTorrent? – Better bandwidth utilization – Never before speeds. – Up to 7 MB/s from the Internet. – Limit free riding – tit-for-tat – Limit leech attack – coupling upload & download – Spurious files not propagated – Ability to resume a download

Why Bittorrent? Bittorrent proved that it is suitable for distributing very large files. There are many companies using Bittorrent as distributing protocol – Amazon S3 – Microsoft’s Avalanche (inspired by Bittorrent) – Blizzard (Game production company) – Movie studios

Research Issues Current Bittorrent protocol is designed for actual network environment Modifications needed to provide pure scientific data transfer – modification on message format and frequency – parallel TCP/UDP – UDP – Web Service oriented client Requirements needed to provide pure scientific data transfer – Security – Content access management – Searching capability