Extraction and characterization Hazelnut shell lignin Extraction and characterization Ïu Azogue Coll 2nd PhD in Chemical Engineering

Summary Introduction about lignin Research objectives Results and conclusions about investigation

What is lignin? Vegetable material Cellulose Hemicellulose LIGNIN Water removal from sugars to create aromatic structures Functions Strength of wood

Where we can find? Lignin is an integral part of the secondary cell walls (not all cells) The most abundant organic material on earth after cellulose Most quantities of lignin Hard parts of plants (Fruit shells, trunk) Organic material from ground

Composition and structure Complex three-dimensional structure Quantity increase through plant life Intracellular growth Natural lignin composition and structure are unknown Factors which affect composition Plant species Part of plant

Composition and structure Three principal monomers p-coumaryl alcohol Coniferyl alcohol Sinapyl alcohol

Natural and industrial sources Natural sources All vegetable material Industrial sources Pulping industry Millions of tones are “produced” in paper industry

Production Paper production Cellulose from vegetable material Lignin is strongly linked to cellulose Industrial pulping allow cellulose and lignin separation Pulp: To produce paper Black liquor: Non-cellulose components (Lignin)

Lignin: State of art Nowadays lignin is used as: Binder Dispersant Emulsifer Sequestrant Many researches are looking for new viable applications EUROLIGNIN. European project to study lignin properties, characterization, uses...

Research objectives Obtain optimal extraction conditions Extractor agent Temperature Time Characterization Functional groups Applications Chelating agent

Extraction methods. Pulping Pulping process reproduced in laboratory: Extractor agent (Soda, ethanol...) Black liquor is separated by centrifugation Acid-precipitation of lignin from black liquor Lignin centrifugation and washing

Fiber + Extractor agent solution Lignin precipitation with acid Liquid phase Centrifuge Autoclave Wet lignin Black liquor Centrifuge Dryer Delignificated fiber Dry lignin

Characterization Principal polymer characteristic: Methods: Conformation Configuration FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Methods: Potentiometric Spectroscopic

Potentiometric method Lignin titration Obtaining of potentiometric curve Observe equivalent point Calculate functional group quantity

Spectroscopic method Different techniques Fourier Transform Infrared Ultraviolet Nuclear magnetic resonance Analyzing the spectra diagrams: Functional groups Comparison between different lignins

Applications Chelating agent Complexation curves Toxic metals complexation Pb, Cr... Metal micronutrients complexation Ni, Mg, Fe, Zn... Complexation curves Highest absorption Study optimal conditions pH Temperature

Results and conclusions Hazelnut lignin extraction depends mainly of soda concentration in present conditions Potentiometric titration require much experimentation time but can be a good characterization method

That’s all! Thank you very much for your attention If you want to ask questions about presentation this is the moment (short moment I hope...)

Potentiometric curve

Functional groups Hydroxyl group Carboxylic group Phenolic hydroxyl group

Lignin extraction