India: Before and After Imperialism

Before Imperialism Hindu Influence Caste system-everyone has a role to play in society Cyclical pattern of life, death, and rebirth (Major aspect of Hindu religion) Polytheistic

Hindu Caste System India united by Hindu social order Villages are separated into “neighborhoods” by caste High caste lives near center of town, close to temple Untouchables lived on outskirts of town, considered dirty to touch.

Indian Life Loyal to family first, then caste Marriages arranged on basis of what is best for the family Vegetarians- Food is a source of spiritual purity Sit cross-legged on floor Only eat with right hand, left hand is impure

British Influence in India Because of the Industrial Revolution, sea routes replace overland routes 1600- East India Company (Britain) is formed, which built trading posts and forts in India French East India Company does the same, and the French challenge the British for control 1757-Battle of Plassey- East India Co. defeats the French East India Co. by using British and Indian soldiers

Benefits of British Rule Education reforms- new universities and schools Irrigation projects Reformed police and judicial system Encouraged cotton industry Built railroads, canals, and roads across the country

Harmful Effects of British Rule Indians begin to show unrest British discriminate against the natives Changed ancient Indian ways Grow cotton, not wheat Led to the starvation and death of millions of Indians.

The Sepoy Rebellion-May 1857 Sepoy- Indian soldier in the British Army British attempt to impose European and Christian customs Rumor begins that British bullets are greased with the fat of cows and pigs Hindus see cow as sacred, and Muslims do not touch pork. Both religious groups are violated. Sepoys revolt for 1 year Many British are killed, and kill thousands of Indians in return 1858-Parliament removes East India Company, and send in viceroy to rule for monarch

Results of Sepoy Rebellion General Unhappiness with British rule Indians outraged by food shortages and other problems Indians want self-rule 1885-Indian National Congress lobbied for democracy and equality