Minerals

Definitions 1. Mineral: a naturally occurring, 1. Mineral: a naturally occurring,

Definitions inorganic solid that has a definite chemical composition inorganic solid that has a definite chemical composition

Definitions 1. Mineral: a naturally occurring, 1. Mineral: a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a definite inorganic solid that has a definite chemical composition and crystal structure. and crystal structure.

Definitions 2. Inorganic: not formed from living things. 2. Inorganic: not formed from living things.

Definitions 3. Crystal: repeating pattern of a mineral’s atoms, flat sides and sharp edges and corners. 3. Crystal: repeating pattern of a mineral’s atoms, flat sides and sharp edges and corners.

Definitions 4. Ore: metals and nonmetals that can be removed in usable amounts. 4. Ore: metals and nonmetals that can be removed in usable amounts.

Definitions 1. Mineral: a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a definite chemical composition and crystal structure. 1. Mineral: a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a definite chemical composition and crystal structure. 2. Inorganic: not formed from living things. 2. Inorganic: not formed from living things. 3. Crystal: repeating pattern of a mineral’s atoms, flat sides and sharp edges and corners. 3. Crystal: repeating pattern of a mineral’s atoms, flat sides and sharp edges and corners. 4. Ore: metals and nonmetals that can be removed in usable amounts. 4. Ore: metals and nonmetals that can be removed in usable amounts.

–5. Metal: elements with shiny surfaces,

–5. Metal: elements with shiny surfaces, able to conduct electricity and heat,

–5. Metal: elements with shiny surfaces, able to conduct electricity and heat, can be hammered into sheets (malleable),

–5. Metal: elements with shiny surfaces, able to conduct electricity and heat, can be hammered into sheets (malleable), pulled into wires (ductile).

6. Nonmetal: elements that have dull surfaces,

6. Nonmetal: elements that have dull surfaces, poor conductors of electricity and heat, not easily shaped.

7. Gemstone: hard, beautiful, and durable substances that can be cut and polished for jewelry.

What kind of physical properties are used to identify minerals? a. color: physical property, not reliable a. color: physical property, not reliable

What kind of physical properties are used to identify minerals? b. luster: way it reflects light b. luster: way it reflects light

What kind of physical properties are used to identify minerals? c. hardness: 1-10 Mohs scale c. hardness: 1-10 Mohs scale

What kind of physical properties are used to identify minerals? c. hardness: 1-10 Mohs scale c. hardness: 1-10 Mohs scale 1 = talc/softest,

What kind of physical properties are used to identify minerals? c. hardness: 1-10 Mohs scale c. hardness: 1-10 Mohs scale 1 = talc/softest, 10 = diamond/hardest

What kind of physical properties are used to identify minerals? d. streak: powdering of mineral d. streak: powdering of mineral

What kind of physical properties are used to identify minerals? e. density: m/V (mass/volume) e. density: m/V (mass/volume)

What kind of physical properties are used to identify minerals? f. crystal shape: seven basic systems f. crystal shape: seven basic systems

What kind of physical properties are used to identify minerals? g. cleavage & fracture: how it breaks g. cleavage & fracture: how it breaks

What kind of physical properties are used to identify minerals? g. cleavage & fracture: how it breaks g. cleavage & fracture: how it breaks cleavage – smooth, definite surfaces

What kind of physical properties are used to identify minerals? g. cleavage & fracture: how it breaks g. cleavage & fracture: how it breaks cleavage – smooth, definite surfaces fracture – rough, jagged edges

What kind of physical properties are used to identify minerals? a. color: physical property, not reliable a. color: physical property, not reliable b. luster: way it reflects light b. luster: way it reflects light c. hardness: 1-10 Mohs scale (1 = talc/softest, 10 = diamond/hardest) c. hardness: 1-10 Mohs scale (1 = talc/softest, 10 = diamond/hardest) d. streak: powdering of mineral d. streak: powdering of mineral e. density: m/V (mass/volume) e. density: m/V (mass/volume) f. crystal shape: seven basic systems f. crystal shape: seven basic systems g. cleavage & fracture: how it breaks g. cleavage & fracture: how it breaks cleavage – smooth, definite surfaces fracture – rough, jagged edges

Vocabulary for Minerals and Rock Unit: The 2 ways minerals can form-from evaporating solutions and from the cooling of magma and lava The quicker the molten rock cooled, the SMALLER the crystal. SLOW = BIG CRYSTALS FAST=small crystals Cementation- The process by which clastic sediment is lithified by precipitation of mineral cement, such as calcite cement, among the grains of the sediment. Compaction- Tighter packing of sedimentary grains causing weak lithification and a decrease in porosity, usually from the weight of overlying sediment. Deposition- The settling of materials out of a transporting medium. Erosion- The processes that loosen sediment and move it from one place to another on Earth's surface. Agents of erosion include water, ice, wind, and gravity. Lithification- The processes by which sediment is converted into sedimentary rock. These processes include cementation and compaction. Magma- Molten rock, generally a silicate melt with suspended crystals and dissolved gases.

Melting- To go from a solid state to a liquid state. Metamorphism- Alteration of the minerals and textures of a rock by changes in temperature and pressure, and/or by a gain or loss of chemical components. Pressure- The force per unit of area exerted upon something, such as on a surface. Sediment- Material (such as gravel, sand, mud, and lime) that is transported and deposited by wind, water, ice, or gravity; material that is precipitated from solution; deposits of organic origin (such as coal and coral reefs). Transportation- The processes that carry sediment or other materials away from their point of origin. Transporting media include wind, water and mantle convection currents Uplift-A structurally high area in the crust, produced by movements that raise the rocks, as in a broad dome or arch. Weathering- The processes by which rocks are chemically altered or physically broken into fragments as a result of exposure to atmospheric agents and the pressures and temperatures at or near Earth's surface, with little or no transportation of the loosened or altered materials. Minerals have CRINS which stands for Crystal (repeating pattern), Recipe (definite chemical composition), Inorganic (non-living) Naturally formed, and Solid. Links to sites that will help you with concepts: Interactive Rock Cycle What are the 3 Types of Rocks Rock Cycle Interactive Interactive Rock Cycle Animation Rocky’s Journey on the Rock Cycle Fun Rock Cycle Activities for Home

Elements make crystals which make minerals which make rocks!