Brett Neely IP Next Generation

To boldly go where no network has gone before...

Internet Protocol: The Next Generation

Internet Protocol - The Next Generation (IPng) Idea for the name taken from Star Trek Officially known as IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) Will be the successor to IPv = 6? Versions goofed up: Version 5 assigned to the ST protocol. When IETF first started planning a successor to IPv4, a document incorrectly listed the current version as 6. So, they started working on version 7 before version 6. To escape the confusion of version numbers, the project was given the name “IP - The Next Generation” Specifications for IPv6 were presented at the Toronto IETF meeting, July 1994

What to do? The Internet address space as specified by IPv4 is currently filling up quickly. Options: Limit the total size of the Internet Disrupt the network by changing the technology

Birth of IPv6 IETF started working on the problem of limited address space in late 1990 By February 1992, four separate proposals for an update to IPv4 were being worked on IETF formed IPng area in late 1993 An IPng working group BOF was held at July, 1994 Toronto IETF meeting The selected proposal for IPv6 is known as SIPP (Simple Internet Protocol Plus) SIPP originally had 64 bit IP addresses, which was later expanded to 128 bits

Why IPv6? Running out of address space - expand size of Internet addresses Router tables grow at a rate 1.5 times the growth of computer memory technology - change routing methods to keep router tables manageable. IPv6 allows the creation of network hierarchies which will improve routing. Quality of Service: IPv6 has “quality of service” options. Certain Internet traffic flows can be “labeled” for special handling - useful for realtime audio and video. (example: RealAudio) Realtime transmissions need consistent throughput to provide regular service.

How IPv6? A simple, flexible transition from IPv4 - Internet hosts can upgrade to IPv6 one at a time and not goof up the network. It would be impossible to get everyone to switch at the same time. It is possible that IPv4 and IPv6 will coexist on the Internet for several years Hosts keep existing IP addresses when they switch from IPv4 to IPv6 Most parts of the existing Internet will not have to be renumbered - Routers may be renumbered

IPv6 Security The current Internet has many security problems, lacks security technology beneath the application layer IPv6 includes extensions which support authentication, integrity, and confidentiality (Friday’s lecture) These extensions appear as additional headers inside the IP packet Support for these extensions is REQUIRED in all implementations of IPv6

Revise Standards Many of the IETF standards are affected by IPv6 At least 27 of 51 full Internet standards must be revised for IPv6 This includes any standard which mentions “32-bit IP addresses” even if the address is not used otherwise

The 6Bone The 6Bone = The IPv6 internet backbone Experimental network for IPv6, not connected to the Internet Became operational around July 1996 Around hosts in 32 countries Used to “assist in evolution and deployment of IPv6” Web page: The web page has network statistics, including daily ping tests for all hosts (tests connection reliability) The 6Bone project is in the process of becoming an IETF workgroup

IPng Web Sites

IPng Mailing List To subscribe: Send to: In message body: subscribe ipng Mailing list archive: ftp://playground.sun.com/pub/ipng/mail-archive/

Internet Draft Router Renumbering for IPv6 Filename: draft-ietf-ipngwg-router-renum-03.txt March Expires in September 1998

Internet Draft: Router Renumbering Dynamic router configuration Combination of IPv6 Neighbor Discovery and Address Autoconfiguration features All implementations MUST include the authentication algorithm (HMAC-MD5) specified in RFC Other authentication algorithms can optionally be supported. All Router Renumbering commands are authenticated

Internet Draft: Router Renumbering Two types of RR messages: Commands and Replies Commands are sent TO a router Replies are sent FROM a router

Internet Draft: Router Renumbering Processing RR commands has three steps: Header check Authentication check Command execution

RFC 1884 IPv6 Addressing Architecture December 1995

RFC 1884: IPv6 Addressing Addresses are 128 bits (IPv4 addresses are 32 bits) Three types of addresses: Unicast, Anycast, Multicast Unicast: An address for a single interface (Example: your computer is assigned one IP address when you dial in with PPP) Multicast: An address for a set of interfaces. Packets sent to Multicast addresses are delivered to all hosts Anycast: (New) An address for a set of interfaces. Packets sent to Anycast addresses are delivered to one host (the “nearest” one)

RFC 1884: IPv6 Addressing 128 bit addresses Written in 16-bit hexadecimal fields, separated by colons. Example: 4F03:689:0:0:0:C301:5:8 IPv6 addresses as URLs - Colons are used to specify the port number. For a web page address, the current proposal is to use: (port number outside of square brackets) Square bracket method used in web browsers ONLY, not in HTML “code”.

RFC 1884: IPv6 Address Space How many addresses are possible with 128 bit addresses? 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211, ,570,793,348,866,943,898,599 addresses per square meter of the surface of the planet Earth

RFC 1884: The Unspecified Address 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 May never be assigned to any interface Useful: A host sends it in IP packets as the source address before it learns what its true address really is (Autoconfiguration) May not be used as a destination address

RFC 1884: The Loopback Address 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 May never be assigned May not be used as a source address

41st IETF Meeting Held in Los Angeles, CA, USA March 29 - April 3, 1998

IPng at the 41st IETF Meeting times/dates: Monday, March 30, 7:30-10:00pm Tuesday, March 31, 3:45-4:45pm Thursday, April 2, 9:00-11:30am Some of the topics to be discussed: Document Status Router Renumbering Mobile IPv6 Status Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol ICMP Name Lookups

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