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Presentation transcript:

frequency modulation

Radar - Frequency modulation 1 Another form of distance measuring radar is based on frequency modulation. Frequency comparison between two signals is considerably more accurate, even with older electronics, than timing the signal. By measuring the frequency of the returned signal and comparing that with the original, the difference can be easily measured.

Radars - Frequency modulation 1 The Frequency modulation#Modulation index|modulation index riding on the receive signal is proportional to the time delay between the radar and the reflector

Frequency modulation 1 In telecommunications and signal processing, 'frequency modulation' ('FM') is the encoding of information in a carrier wave by varying the instantaneous frequency of the wave. (Compare with amplitude modulation, in which the amplitude of the carrier wave varies, while the frequency remains constant.)

Frequency modulation 1 In radio systems, frequency modulation with sufficient Bandwidth (signal processing)|bandwidth provides an advantage in cancelling naturally-occurring noise.

Frequency modulation 1 Frequency modulation is known as phase modulation when the carrier phase modulation is the time integral of the FM signal.

Non-contact atomic force microscopy - Frequency modulation 1 Frequency modulation, introduced by Albrecht et al. in 1991,

Modified Frequency Modulation 1 'Modified Frequency Modulation', commonly 'MFM', is a run-length limited (RLL) coding scheme used to encode the actual data-bits on most floppy disks. It was first introduced in disk drives with the IBM 3330 hard disk drive in Floppy disk drive hardware examples include Amiga, most CP/M operating system|CP/M machines as well as IBM PC compatibles.

Modified Frequency Modulation 1 MFM is a modification to the original FM (frequency modulation) scheme for encoding data on single-density floppy disks and some early hard disk drives

Modified Frequency Modulation - MMFM 1 'MMFM', (Modified Modified Frequency Modulation), also abbreviated 'M²FM', or 'M2FM', is similar to MFM, but suppresses additional clock bits, producing a longer maximum run length (a (1,4) RLL code). In particular, a clock pulse is only inserted between a pair of adjacent 0 bits if the first bit of the pair did not have a clock pulse inserted before it. In the example below, clock bits that would have been present in MFM are noted in bold:

Figure of merit - Frequency modulation 1 Figure of merit for Frequency modulation is given by

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