DBSQL 14-1 Copyright © Genetic Computer School 2009 Chapter 14 Microsoft SQL Server

DBSQL 14-2 Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Chapter 14 Overview Management, Design and Querying Tools SQL Variation and Extension Defining an Index in SQL Server Concurrency and Data Access Query Processing and Optimization Replication XML Support in SQL Server 2005 Event Notification Services and SQL Server Service Broker Business Intelligence and Data Warehousing

DBSQL 14-3 Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Management, Design and Querying Tools SQL Server Management Studio is an integrated environment for accessing, configuring, managing, administering, and developing all components of SQL Server combines a broad group of graphical tools with a number of rich script editors to provide access to SQL Server to developers and administrators of all skill levels

DBSQL 14-4 Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Cont’ SQL Server Tools Object Browser Registered Servers Solution Explorer Management Studio Template

DBSQL 14-5 Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 SQL Variations and Extensions Create Triggers Using T-SQL Example:

DBSQL 14-6 Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Defining an Index in SQL Server When data volumes increases, organizations are faced with problems relating to data retrieval and posting. They feel the need for a way to increase the speed of data access. An index, enables database retrieve and present data to the end user with ease. An index can be defined as a mechanism for providing fast access to table rows and for enforcing constraints

DBSQL 14-7 Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Cont’ Types of index Clustered Non-clustered The Query Optimizer uses indexes to reduce disk I/O operations and use of system resources while querying on data. Queries which contain SELECT, UPDATE or DELETE statement require indexes for optimal performance. When a query is executed, each available methods is evaluated for retrieving data and the most efficient one is selected by the Query optimizer. The methodology used may be table scans or index scans.

DBSQL 14-8 Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Cont’ To Create an index:

DBSQL 14-9 Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Concurrency and Data Access Concurrency is the ability of multiple users to access data at the same time. When the number of simultaneous operations that the database engine can support is large, the database concurrency is increased. In Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Compact Edition (SQL Server Compact Edition), concurrency control is achieved by using locks to help protect data.

DBSQL Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Query Processing and Optimization When the application queries the database system, it is first parsed by the SQL Parser sub-component which verifies the syntax and converts the query into a relational algebraic expression (the internal representation) Then Another sub-component named Query Optimizer constructs a query execution plan based on several rules and the cost of executing the query The cost is calculated based upon the DBMS- maintained statistics for each joined table in the query. Because the plan is typically large, the Query Optimizer often evaluates only a subset and assumes that the cost of the subset is representative of the whole

DBSQL Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Cont’ Analyzing an Execution Plan In order to analyze an execution plan in SQL Server, we can take advantage of the Display Execution Plan and Display Estimated Execution Plan features in Management Studio by using some SET options such as SHOWPLAN_XML and SHOWPLAN_ALL

DBSQL Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Cont’ Optimizing SELECT statements

DBSQL Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Replication SQL Server Management Studio provides the Replication folder as a central location to organize and administer your publications and subscriptions. If you have heterogeneous publishing services from Microsoft or other companies installed, the Heterogeneous Replication folder will appear under the Replication folder as a location to manage publications and subscriptions based on heterogeneous data sources.

DBSQL Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Cont’

DBSQL Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Cont’ Replication Monitor Through Replication Monitor, you can view and manage replication agents responsible for various replication tasks. Replication Monitor appears as a node below the Replication folder in SQL Server Management Studio on the Distributor after you have configured publishing and distribution

DBSQL Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Cont’

DBSQL Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 XML Support in SQL Server 2005 SQL Server 2005 provides extensive support for XML data processing. XML values can be stored natively in an xml data type column that can be typed according to a collection of XML schemas, or left un- typed. We can index the XML column. Additionally, fine-grained data manipulation is supported by using XQuery and XML DML. XML DML is an extension for data modification.

DBSQL Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Cont’ Uses of XML data type in SQL Server As a column in a table As a variable in Transact-SQL As a stored procedure or user-defined functions As a user-defined return value

DBSQL Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Cont’ Example of XML as a column in a table: create table xmlsample ( xmlID varchar(05) not null primary key, xmlnum int, xmlDt xml); or

DBSQL Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Event Notification and Server Service Broker SQL Server Notification Service executable process and a framework for building a specific type of applications, notification applications. Like SQL Server’s Analysis Services and Service Broker, it extends the application coding reach and moves SQL Server and related service toward being an integrated platform for scalable application systems.

DBSQL Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Cont’

DBSQL Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Cont’ Some Parts of Notification Services

DBSQL Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Cont’ Server Service Broker a new part of the database engine that is used to build reliable, asynchronous, message-based distributed database applications. Service Broker allows these applications to concentrate their development efforts on the issues of the problem domain in which they are going to be used. The SQL Server Service Broker is a technology for building message-based, asynchronous, loosely coupled database application. Service Broker makes it possible for applications to send and receive ordered, reliable, asynchronous messages

DBSQL Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Cont’ Simple message based System

DBSQL Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Business Intelligence and Data Warehousing In any organization it needs more than just data and information. Business Intelligence is an answer to it. It provides knowledge about your customer, competitors, business partners and competitive environment specially the internal operations of the organization. Business intelligence enables an organization to extract the true meaning of information so that you can take creative and power steps to ensure a competitive advantage Technology such as databases, database management systems, data warehouses and data- mining tools an definitely help us build and use business intelligence

DBSQL Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 Cont’ Building Business Intelligence

DBSQL Copyright © Genetic Computer School, Singapore 2009 End