Open Access Developments from a European Perspective 19 November 2004 The 7 th Conference on Digital Libraries Theresa Velden Executive Director Heinz Nixdorf Center for Information Management Max Planck Society

19 November 2004 Open Access Developments Outline Introduction 1.The Drivers and the Vision of Open Access 2.The Berlin Declaration on Open Access 3.The Implementation of Open Access Conclusions

Introduction

19 November 2004 Open Access Developments Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science Forschungsfelder in der MPG non profit research organization 80 Institutes (D, NL, I) dedicated to fundamental research 3500 researchers, ~ incl. guests scientists & students multidisciplinary, wide range of research fields founded in 2001: Heinz Nixdorf Center for Information Management –Digital library, institutional repository, e-publishing developments

19 November 2004 Open Access Developments Dual Strategy of Max Planck Society 1 st pillar: Information Provision: MPS wide access to databases and licensed full text information (some content will be locally loaded); transition to e-only contracts = Traditional System of Information Provision 2 nd pillar: Open Access based Innovation in Scholarly Communication Institutional repository approach: eDoc  Open Access Platform Project Open Access Journals: e.g. Living Reviews Prepare and pursue roadmap for the paradigm shift to open access in the Max Planck Society = Shaping the future of the scholarly communication system

19 November 2004 Open Access Developments Heinz Nixdorf Center for Information Management in the Max Planck Society First projects 2002/2003 Max Planck Virtual Library Institutional Repository Pilot Projects with Primary Source Collections in Humanities Living Reviews Journal Family Tools for ePublishing LaTeX authored documents (GNU GPL) –ePubTk –Hermes Focus in 2004 ff: Open Access Development

The Drivers and the Vision of Open Access

19 November 2004 Open Access Developments Open Access Drivers of Open Access ‘knowledge creation and diffusion are increasingly important drivers of innovation, sustainable economic growth and social well-being’ (OECD – Committee for Scientific and Technology Policy, 30 Jan 2004) Traditional Publishing System: Journals Crisis New Communication Capabilities: Internet, WWW, Grid & eScience

19 November 2004 Open Access Developments Journal Crisis -Profit oriented publishing houses have obtained dominating market position (10th Report of Science and Technology Committee of the House of Commons) -Inelasticity of the ‘Market’ of Scientific Publishing: -Controlling access to research results has become an economic good for publishers who obtain from creators property rights -Scientific careers depend on publication in high-impact journals -No consumer choice in access to ‘Record of Science’

19 November 2004 Open Access Developments The Internet and the Future of Scholarly Communication [Sketch: Paul Ginsparg] Registration Archiving Awareness Dissemination Certification eScience Vision: Data Mining, Dynamic context sensitive Knowledge Spaces

19 November 2004 Open Access Developments The Open Access Vision “The Internet has fundamentally changed the practical and economic realities of distributing scientific knowledge and cultural heritage. For the first time ever, the Internet now offers the chance to constitute a global and interactive representation of human knowledge, including cultural heritage and the guarantee of worldwide access.” “In order to realize the vision of a global and accessible representation of knowledge, the future Web has to be sustainable, interactive, and transparent. Content and software tools must be openly accessible and compatible.” [from the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to the Knowledge in The Sciences and Humanities, October 2003]

19 November 2004 Open Access Developments What we mean by Open Access Immediate unconditional electronic access to research results: primary scientific literature (papers/books) of scholarly interest, data, (multimedia) objects representing scientific knowledge (incl. artifacts of cultural heritage) Standards (interfaces, formats) that support connectivity and integration in 3rd party services, discipline specific knowledge spaces etc. Suitable regulation of copyright/license agreement to ensure proper attribution to creator and open access dissemination - dedication to public No compromise on quality: transfer traditional elements, complement and improve by new approaches – transparent and community specific Provided through a sustainable, scalable and distributed infrastructure ensuring effective and persistent access

The Berlin Declaration

19 November 2004 Open Access Developments The Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in Science and Humanities Conference October 2003, Berlin, initiated by Max Planck Society to address lack of institutional commitment in open access movement Open Access History: Public Library of Science 2001, Budapest Open Access Initiative 2002, Bethesda Statement 2003  major organizations of science and culture declare their mission only half complete if the information they produce is not made freely available to society under the open access principle.

19 November 2004 Open Access Developments The Open Access Paradigm of the Berlin Declaration the creator of a scientific work grants users a geographically unlimited, permanent use right (incl. access, copying, public distribution) given proper attribution of work to the creator a copy of the work is deposited in electronic format at an Open Access Online Archiv which is maintained by an organisation which maintains it and is dedicated to the open access aims of maximal dissemination, interoperability and ensuring long term availability

19 November 2004 Open Access Developments Signatories of the Berlin Declaration Max Planck Society, German Research Foundation, Fraunhofer Society, Leibniz Association, Helmholtz Association, Deutscher Wissenschaftsrat, Association of Universities and other Higher Education Institutions in Germany Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden Deutscher Bibliotheksverband, Deutsche Initiative für Netzwerkinformation (DINI) National Hellenic Research Foundation, FWF Austrian Science Fund, Fund for Scientific Research – Flanders, National Science Fund of China Minister of Education Cultura y Deportes Gobierno de Canarias Norwegian Institute of Palaeography and Historical Philology Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza Florence Central European University Budapest, University of Pavia Indian National Science Academy, Chinese National Academy, Academia Europaea Open Society Institute (OSI), SPARC, SPARC Europe CERN… To date over 45 organizations have signed the Declaration. Invitation to join: Governments, universities, research institutions, funding agencies, foundations, libraries, museums, archives, learned societies and professional associations, please contact: Prof. Dr. Peter Gruss President of the Max Planck Society, Munich, Germany URL:

19 November 2004 Open Access Developments Open Access Perspectives - Open Access Declarations: Budapest (2001), Bethesda (2003), Berlin (2003) -Growing awareness at political level: -Recommendations of the UK House of Commons Science and Technology Committee (20 Jul 2004), -Recommendations of the USA Budgetary Committee and the House of Representatives (NIH – Open Access Implementation Plan by 1 Dec 2004 – Support by 25 Nobel Laureates), -UN World Summit on Information Society (Dec 2003) -OECD Science and Technology Policy Committee- OA zu Daten (30 Jan 2004) -- EU commissions study ‘Scientific Publishing’ – Results expected in summer 2005

The Implementation of Open Access

19 November 2004 Open Access Developments The Berlin Process Continuous, open process of Berlin Signatories focused on realizing the vision of Open Access Regular, 6-monthly meetings of Berlin Signatories –1 st follow-up at CERN, 12/13 May 2004  1 st Roadmap Proposal –2 nd follow-up at U Southampton, 28 Fe/1 Mar 2005 –3 rd follow-up in planning (Sep 2005 in Berlin ? To be confirmed) Status reports, roadmap review, alliances for specific issues Model for processes within World Summit for Information: Geneva 2003, Tunis 2005

19 November 2004 Open Access Developments The Berlin Roadmap to Open Access Status 13 May 2004 Activity Areas Identified –education and awareness –legal issues –sustainable technical infrastructure –facilitating retrieval –business models Recommended Immediate Institutional Measures –enforce open-access publishing policy on all levels of organization –install steering committee at top executive level –create organizational competence center –assign open access policy coordinator –ensure long-term funding and guarantee long-term operation of online open access archive

19 November 2004 Open Access Developments Example: Max Planck Society Measures taken in 2004 to implement open access Steering Committee at highest executive level –Chaired by vice president Open Access Policy Coordinator –Introduction of legal framework (Open Access License) –Internal Communication, Open Access Advocacy –Building alliance with Berlin signatories –Negotiations with publishers on open access license and policy Dedication of substantial funds in mid-term planning of organization to transition, open access development and continuous development and operation of infrastructure Institutional Membership with Open Access Publisher (BioMedCentral)

19 November 2004 Open Access Developments Institutional Repository Max Planck eDoc Prototype system to explore the needs of scholars in a multi-disciplinary research organization conducting basic research eDoc is introduced for regular reporting of publication output for all 80 Max Planck Institutes (MPG Annual Report) 2nd generation institutional repository is on the horizon and will be part of an information, communication and open access publishing platform for the MPS (‘eSciDoc’)

19 November 2004 Open Access Developments Two complementary ways towards an Open Access Open Access Self-Archiving on institutional or disciplinary server parallel to publication in peer-reviewed journal publishers changing their policiesto support self-archiving Open Access Journals change business model (from subscription to publication fee)von Public Library of Science: PLoS Biology, Medicine, BioMedCentral today 5 % of research journals (check: Directory of Open AccessJournals ) Integrated Global Knowledge Base Community Specific and Multidisciplinary awareness and retrieval services Dynamic Knowledge Spaces Co-Laboratories Standards, Policies and Best Practice which support and enforce openess and interoperability

19 November 2004 Open Access Developments Conclusions

19 November 2004 Open Access Developments Conclusions The Internet provides the unique opportunity for humanity to create a global and interactive representation of scientific knowledge Full potential of eScience for scholarly communication can only be unlocked if research results are made openly accessible The implementation of Open Access requires long-term commitment The transition will take a significant time and involve transformations in the traditional library/scientific information provision system Concerted action and networking between research organizations worldwide will be a key to enable open access

Thank You. Contact: Theresa Velden