Broadcasting for mobile receivers DOCUMENT #: GSC14-GRSC7-009R1 FOR: Information SOURCE: ARIB AGENDA ITEM: 4.2 Mobile Multimedia Broadcast & Multicast CONTACT(S): sekiguchi@arib.or.jp Broadcasting for mobile receivers Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

Highlight of Current Activities (1) Digital Terrestrial TV service in Japan On December 1, 2003, Japan launched Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) using the Integrated Service Digital Broadcasting - Terrestrial (ISDB-T) transmission system. ISDB-T is recommended in Rec. ITU-R BT.1306. ISDB-T is robust transmission system because it uses OFDM and time interleaving. One-Seg One-segment services for mobile receivers (called “One-Seg”) can be provided simultaneously with one 6MHz TV channel, in addition to HDTV (or multi-channel SDTV). On April 1, 2006, One-Seg services began in Japan. More than 55 million One-Seg receivers have been shipped so far. Various kinds of One-Seg receivers are available on the market. One-Seg is provided free of charge. to slide 8,9 Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

Highlight of Current Activities (2) BST-OFDM technology NHK developed the Band Segmented Transmission OFDM (BST-OFDM) technology for ISDB-T in 1996. ISDB-T consists of 13 OFDM segments. The system supports hierarchical transmissions of up to three layers, and parameters can be changed in each layers. Typically we use two layers. One is a layer for HDTV with 12 segments using 64QAM, and the other is a layer for One-Seg with 1 segment using QPSK. Example of Information bit rate is 16.851Mbps (for HDTV) and 416kbps (for One-Seg). Features of One-Seg Not only video & audio, but data, closed caption, and Electric Program Guide (EPG) are transmitted in One-Seg. One-Seg is a new medium that realizes the convergence of broadcasting & communications on the mobile terminal. to slide 10,11 Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

Strategic Direction Termination of Analog TV services Digital Radio Plans call for digital terrestrial broadcasting to reach all homes in Japan by July 2011. By July 2011, both analog terrestrial and satellite broadcasting are scheduled to be terminated. At this point, Japan will have completed the transition to all-digital TV broadcasting. Digital Radio Digital terrestrial radio (DR) test transmission started in October 2003. Programs are transmitted by the Digital Radio Promotion Association (DRP), a licensed broadcasting corporation run jointly by NHK and several commercial radio stations or other companies. DR uses a vacant VHF TV channel (CH-7) for the test transmission. ISDB-TSB (Sound Broadcasting) transmission system is adopted for DR. to slide 12,13 Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

Challenges Recent topics in One-Seg Research & Development in One-Seg Independent program service It is possible to broadcast independent program (non-simultaneous program to 12 segments) service in One-Seg from April 2008 by legal changes. NTV started to broadcast independent One-Seg test service for sports programs. NHK started independent One-Seg service using educational channel in April 2009. Multi-channel service It is possible to send up to 3 programs in One-Seg. TOKYO MX started 2 programs One-Seg service when they broadcast multi-channel service in June 2008. Research & Development in One-Seg NHK has been developing Connected One-Seg Re-transmission System. NHK has been developing automatic activation of One-Seg receivers by the EWS (Emergency Warning broadcast System) . (See slide 17, 18) Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

Next Steps/Actions VHF/UHF rearrangement after analog TV termination Frequency bandwidth for terrestrial television will be reduced from 370MHz to 240MHz. VHF Low (18MHz) & VHF High (14.5MHz) will be allocated for non-TV broadcasting services. (e.g., Mobile Multimedia broadcasting) Mobile Multimedia broadcasting There’s a chance to start new multimedia broadcasting services for mobile receivers with VHF Low & VHF High. VHF Low will be used for Digital Radio broadcasting for local block area and Digital community broadcasting for small area. ISDB-TSB is now under consideration for new services. VHF High will be used for a new nationwide area multimedia service. And ISDB-Tmm (Mobile Multimedia) is now under development for it’s services. One-Seg, ISDB-TSB, and ISDB-Tmm are all ISDB-T family that introduce the BST-OFDM technology. It is necessary to fix the organizations that will provide new services by the middle of 2010 to start broadcasting after July 2011. ARIB is now preparing for the new services for multimedia broadcasting. to slide 14,15 Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

Supplemental Slides Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

Shipments of receivers - Digital Terrestrial TV in Japan / One-Seg - million Shipments of receivers of Digital terrestrial broadcasting & Mobile phone with One-Seg tuner More than 50 million One-seg receivers Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association, NHK Digital terrestrial broadcasting 12/2003 One-Seg service 4/2006 *1 Digital television + Terrestrial digital tuner + Cable digital STB ( Total number of Television: about 117 million, 7/2008 ) *2 Mobile phone with One-Seg tuner ( Total number of Mobile phone: 107 million, 4/2009 ) Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

One-Seg receivers - Digital Terrestrial TV service in Japan / One-Seg - to slide 3 Car Navigators Mobile Phones PCs with One-Seg Portable Dictionary Portable Games USB type One-Seg tuners (From Homepage) Portable Players Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

12 Segments & 1 Segment (ISDB-T) - BST-OFDM technology / Features of One-Seg - 13 Segments , Channel Bandwidth : 5.57MHz HDTV 12 Segments 12 Segs 1 Seg On-air program 1 Segment Data service (6/14 MHz) 64QAM FEC = 3/4 (16.851Mbps) QPSK FEC = 2/3 (416kbps) Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

Convergence of Broadcasting & Communications - BST-OFDM technology / Features of One-Seg - to slide 4 Broadcasting Convergence Communications Watch TV TV & Data TV & Internet Internet Broadcasting station Broadcasting station BML BML BML, HTML Watching TV program on full screen Watching TV program and reading data on TV Watching TV program and reading data on the Internet Viewing or reading on the Internet Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

Timeline of Digital Broadcasting services - Termination of Analog TV services / Digital Radio - 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 will be over 7/2011 Analog SD Terrestrial 12/2003 Digital One-Seg 4/2006 will be over 7/2011 Analog SD Satellite was over 9/2007 Analog HD Digital 12/2000 Test transmission Digital Radio 10/2003 24/7/2011 Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

ISDB-TSB (Digital Radio) - Termination of Analog TV services / Digital Radio - 13 Segments , Channel Bandwidth : 5.57MHz ISDB-TSB (Sound Broadcasting) to slide 5 Digital Radio test transmission started in 10/2003 (8 segments, VHF 7ch) TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS8 TS9 TS10 TS11 TS12 TS13 1 Seg 1 Segment ハイビジョン 3 Segments Video　※ TS1 TS2 Data service QPSK FEC = 2/3, GI = 1/16 (440kbps) Image 1 & 3 Segments are used in ISDB-TSB ※　NHK started video services in July 2008. Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

Rearrangement of VHF/UHF - VHF/UHF rearrangement after analog TV termination - 90-108MHz 1～3ch 170-222MHz 4～12ch 470-770MHz 13～62ch Now Analog TV Broadcasting Analog TV Broadcasting Analog TV Broadcasting Digital TV Broadcasting 18MHz 52MHz 300MHz 90-108MHz 170-202.5MHz 207.5-222MHz 470-710MHz 13～52ch 715-725MHz 730-770MHz Future Plan (1)-a (2) (1)-b Digital TV Broadcasting (3) (4) 18MHz 32.5MHz 14.5MHz 240MHz 10MHz 40MHz (VHF Low) (VHF High) GB 5MHz GB 5MHz （GB 5MHz） (1) Non TV Broadcasting (2) Private Telecommunication (Protection against disasters, etc) (3) Intelligent Transport Systems (4) Telecommunications Schedule plan (1) (2) after July 25, 2011 (3) (4) after July 25, 2012 Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

Digital TV Broadcasting Rearrangement of VHF/UHF - VHF/UHF rearrangement after analog TV termination - (VHF Low) (VHF High) 18MHz 14.5MHz Future Plan (1)-a (2) (1)-b Digital TV Broadcasting (3) (4) (1)-a Digital Radio broadcasting for Local block area & Digital community broadcasting for small area ⇒ ISDB-TSB (advanced) (1)-b Multimedia broadcasting for Nationwide area ⇒ ISDB-Tmm, MediaFLO Digital Radio test transmission Terrestrial Analog TV broadcasting 2008 2013 2009 2010 2011 2012 Telecommunications Council Report License policy Selection of corporations Multimedia Broadcasting ARIB Standard, Technical Report Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

An image of VHF Low service Rearrangement of VHF/UHF - VHF/UHF rearrangement after analog TV termination - to slide 6 ・The Telecommunication Council is examining the technical condition of multimedia broadcasting that will use VHF Low & High. ・ VHF Low will be used for Digital Radio broadcasting for local block area and Digital community broadcasting for small area. ・ VHF High will be used for nationwide area. ・ In February, 2008, 17 companies or corporations (NHK, TOKYO FM, TBS R & C, FM OSAKA, FM802, Nippon Broadcasting System, etc) established the organization "VL-P ". (More than 110 organizations join "VL-P " now.) ・ "VL-P " aims at drafting of ARIB Technical report and clarification of service image. ・The difference of Digital Radio (which is now broadcasted as a test) and Digital Radio (which will be broadcasted) is as follows. 30fps Video (QVGA, MPEG-4 AVC/H.264) 5.1 surround Audio Multi-channel programs Contents download, etc ・There is a subject to clear sharing condition with Analog FM Radio (76-90MHz). ・ It is necessary to fix the organizations that will provide new services by the middle of 2010 to start broadcasting after July 2011. An image of VHF Low service Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

Connected One-Seg Re-transmission System - Research & Development in One-Seg - ・NHK developed a "connected One-Seg re-transmission system" that extracts One-Seg 　signals from the digital terrestrial broadcast-waves received from individual broadcasters 　and combines them into a single signal for re-transmission over a channel that is different 　from any of the receiving channels. ・A maximum of thirteen One-Seg signals can be re-transmitted. It will be possible to offer 　community broadcasting localized to a particular area for re-transmission, in addition to 　One-Seg services from every broadcaster. ch1 Connected One-Seg re-transmission system Combines only One-Seg signals ch9 ch10 ch11 ch12 ch13 ch8 ch4 ch6 ch3 ch5 6MHz ch7 Air Re-transmission Frequency aboveground underground ch2 ISDB-T Community One-Seg signals ch9-13 Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

Prototype of EWS adaptor Automatic Activation of Receivers by EWS - Research & Development in One-Seg - ・The EWS (Emergency Warning broadcast System) automatically activates receivers when 　a disaster happens, such as an earthquake or Tsunami. ・NHK developed EWS compatible adaptor that can be connected to a One-Seg receiver. ・The low power consumption achieved by performing intermittent reception of the One-Seg 　activation flag, which is transmitted approximately every 0.2 seconds, showed the 　prospect of continuous standby operation for about two weeks without recharging. ・Among the 432 carriers used for One-Seg 　service, four carriers transmit the activation flag 　for emergency warning broadcasting. Increasing 　this to all four carriers, from the previously used 　two carriers that transmitted the activation flag 　signal, improved reception sensitivity without 　increasing power consumption. ・NHK will work toward the actual implementation 　of One-Seg and radio receiver with the EWS 　reception function. Prototype of EWS adaptor Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

Electric Program Guide 12 Segments & 1 Segment (ISDB-T) - BST-OFDM technology - Example parameters for digital terrestrial television broadcasting 12 Segments 1 segment Mode Mode 3 Reception Fixed (Mobile) Mobile Modulation 64QAM QPSK Code ratio 3/4 2/3 Guard interval 1/8 (126  s) Bit rate 16.851Mbps 416kbps ※1 Video coding MPEG-2 (30fps) H.264 (15fps) 16:9(320×180), 4:3(320×240) Audio coding MPEG-2 AAC MPEG-2 AAC+SBR ※2 Data broadcasting BML (XHTML) A Profile BML (XHTML) C Profile Electric Program Guide OK (Now + Next + 8days) (Now + Next + 8programs) Closed caption Copy control Yes CAS No ※1 Example: Video (224kbps), Audio (55kbps), Data (80kbps), Closed caption (5kbps), EPG (20kbps), Control (32kbps) ※2 Spectral Band Replication Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

Configuration of Digital transmission - BST-OFDM technology - 12 segs 12 segs Source coding Channel coding 12 segs Video Video coding Audio Audio coding Energy dispersal Delay compensation Byte interleave Inner code Bit interleave Mapping Data/EPG Data/ EPG coding Layer synthesis & rate conversion Conditional Access Multiplexing TS Re-Mux Outer code (RS) Hierarchical separation Time interleave Frequency interleave 1 seg 1 seg Source coding Video Video coding Energy dispersal Delay compensation Byte interleave Inner code Bit interleave Mapping Audio Audio coding Data/EPG Data/ EPG coding 1 seg D/A Up converter Power Amp Antenna Pilot OFDM frame configuration IFFT Guard interval addition TMCC Aux channel Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

Basic transmission parameters Basic transmission parameters for terrestrial digital television broadcasting Transmission Parameter Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 No. of OFDM segments 13 Bandwidth 5.575 MHz 5.573 MHz 5.572 MHz Carrier interval 3.968 kHz 1.984 kHz 0.992 kHz No. of carriers 1405 2809 5617 Modulation system QPSK，16QAM，64QAM，DQPSK Effective symbol length 252 s 504 s 1.008 ms Guard-interval length 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 of effective symbol length No. of symbols per frame 204 Time interleave Maximum 4 values: 0, about 0.13, 0.25, 0.5 sec Frequency interleave Intra-segment or inter-segment interleaving Inner code Convolutional coding (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8) Outer code RS (204, 188) Information bit rate 3.65 Mpbs - 23.23 Mbps Hierarchical transmission Maximum 3 levels Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

ARIB Standards, ITU-R Recommendations ARIB Standards and ITU-R Recommendations for ISDB-T Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

Digital Radio - Digital Radio - Tokyo area Osaka area Digital Radio receiver (KDDI) (About 1.8 million receivers, 6/2008) 2.4kW 240W DRP homepage Digital Terrestrial Radio test transmission started in October 2003, using a vacant VHF TV channel (CH-7). Programs are transmitted by the Digital Radio Promotion Association (DRP), a licensed broadcasting corporation run jointly by NHK and several commercial radio stations or other companies. Digital Radio uses BST-OFDM technology (ISDB-TSB). It is possible to send up to 13 independent programs including video and data in 6MHz. ISDB-TSB is recommended in ITU-R BS.1114. < Example parameters of Digital Radio > Audio Video Data EPG etc 144bps 180kbps 64kbps 52kbps 440kbps Main Main + Sub3 36kbps 36kbps 36kbps 36kbps 180kbps 64kbps 52kbps 440kbps Geneva, 13-16 July 2009 Main Sub1 Sub2 Sub3

Basic transmission parameters (ISDB-TSB) Basic transmission parameters for terrestrial digital radio broadcasting Transmission Parameter Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 OFDM segments 1 Seg 3 Segs Bandwidth 432.5kHz 1.289MHz 430.5kHz 1.287MHz 429.5kHz 1.286 MHz Carrier interval 3.968 kHz 1.984 kHz 0.992 kHz No. of carriers 109 325 216 649 433 1297 Modulation system QPSK，16QAM，64QAM，DQPSK Effective symbol length 252 s 504 s 1.008 ms Guard-interval length 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 of effective symbol length No. of symbols per frame 204 Time interleave Maximum 5 values Frequency interleave Intra-segment (or inter-segment: 3Segs) interleaving Inner code Convolutional coding (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8) Outer code RS (204, 188) Information bit rate 280.85 kpbs – 5.361 kbps Hierarchical transmission Maximum 2 levels Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

Basic transmission parameters (ISDB-Tmm) Basic transmission parameters for terrestrial multimedia broadcasting Transmission Parameter Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 OFDM segments 13 to 33#1 segments Bandwidth 6000 / 14 * n +38.48 kHz Carrier interval 3.968 kHz 1.984 kHz 0.992 kHz No. of carriers 108 * n +1 216 * n + 1 432 * n + 1 Modulation system QPSK，16QAM，64QAM，DQPSK Effective symbol length 252 s 504 s 1.008 ms Guard-interval length 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 of effective symbol length No. of symbols per frame 204 Time interleave Maximum 4 values Frequency interleave Intra-segment (or inter-segment: 13Segs) interleaving Inner code Convolution coding (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8) Outer code RS (204, 188) Information bit rate 280.85* n kbps – 1475.5 * n kbps Hierarchical transmission Maximum 3 levels for 13 segment part n : number of segment #1: case of Japan Geneva, 13-16 July 2009 25 25

ISDB-T mm (mobile multimedia) system ISDB-Tmm transmission signal 13 to 33 segment , Channel Bandwidth : 6000 / 14 * n +38.48 kHz 13 segment part 1 segment part Example of the ISDB-Tmm compliant receivers with ISDB-T (13 segment) and ISDB-Tsb (1 segment ) demodulator. Partial reception of 13 seg part or 1 seg part Multi-Channel real-time and non real time services such as audio / video clips, e-books, etc. Geneva, 13-16 July 2009