Machine Learning An Introduction. What is Learning?  Herbert Simon: “Learning is any process by which a system improves performance from experience.”

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Presentation transcript:

Machine Learning An Introduction

What is Learning?  Herbert Simon: “Learning is any process by which a system improves performance from experience.”  What is the task?  Classification  Problem solving / planning / control

Classification  Assign object/event to one of a given finite set of categories.  Medical diagnosis  Credit card applications or transactions  Fraud detection in e-commerce  Worm detection in network packets  Spam filtering in  Recommended articles in a newspaper  Recommended books, movies, music, or jokes  Financial investments  DNA sequences  Spoken words  Handwritten letters  Astronomical images

Problem Solving / Planning / Control  Performing actions in an environment in order to achieve a goal.  Solving calculus problems  Playing checkers, chess, or backgammon  Balancing a pole  Driving a car or a jeep  Flying a plane, helicopter, or rocket  Controlling an elevator  Controlling a character in a video game  Controlling a mobile robot

Learning from Data The world is driven by data.  Germany’s climate research centre generates 10 petabytes per year  Google processes 24 petabytes per day  The Large Hadron Collider produces 60 gigabytes per minute (~12 DVDs)  There are over 50m credit card transactions a day in the US alone.

Learning from Data  Data is recorded from some real-world phenomenon.  What might we want to do with that data?  Prediction  - what can we predict about this phenomenon?  Description  - how can we describe/understand this phenomenon in a new way?

Learning from Data How can we extract knowledge from data to help humans take decisions? How can we automate decisions from data? How can we adapt systems dynamically to enable better user experiences? Write code to explicitly do the above tasks Write code to make the computer learn how to do the tasks

Using machine learning to detect spam s To: GET YOUR DIPLOMA TODAY! If you are looking for a fast and cheap way to get a diploma, this is the best way out for you. Choose the desired field and degree and call us right now: For US: Outside US: "Just leave your NAME & PHONE NO. (with CountryCode)" in the voic . Our staff will get back to you in next few days! ALGORITHM Naïve Bayes Rule mining

Using machine learning to recommend books ALGORITHMS Collaborative Filtering Nearest Neighbour Clustering

Using machine learning to identify faces and expressions ALGORITHMS Decision Trees Adaboost

Boundary Detection  Is this a boundary?

Image Categorization Training Labels Training Images Classifier Training Training Image Features Testing Test Image Trained Classifie r Outdoor Prediction Slide: Derek Hoiem

ML for working with social network data  ML for working with social network data: detecting fraud, predicting click-thru patterns, targeted advertising, etc etc etc. ALGORITHMS Support Vector Machines Collaborative filtering Rule mining algorithms Many many more….

ML for mobile

Machine Learning (etc.)  Driving a car  Recognising spam s  Recommending books  Reading handwriting  Recognising speech, faces, etc. How would you write these programs? Would you want to?!?!?!?

Machine Learning Problems