North Dakota Agricultural Land Valuation Model Dwight Aakre/Ron Haugen Farm Management Specialists March 2012

Valuation and Assessment of Agricultural Land Agricultural value is defined as the “capitalized average annual gross return” Annual gross return for: Cropland growing sugar beets or potatoes equals 20 percent of annual gross income produced Cropland growing all other crops equals 30 percent of annual gross income produced Irrigated production is reduced by 50 percent before applying the 20 or 30 percent calculation Land used for grazing equals 25 percent of annual gross income potential based upon animal unit carrying capacity of the land 2

Valuation and Assessment of Agricultural Land (continued) Data for the most recent ten years are used with the high and low years dropped and the remaining eight years averaged (Olympic average) Average landlords share of gross return is divided by the capitalization rate to derive land value 3

Cropland The data needed to estimate gross revenue for cropland in each of the state’s counties are: 1. acreages for each of the crops grown and fallow in each county 2. yield per acre for each of the crops, and 3. price for each of the crops The source of data is the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) of the United States Department of Agriculture, for years Risk Management Agency (RMA) of the USDA was used for 2010 data. 4

Cropland (continued) The procedure for estimating gross revenue from crop production in each county is, for each crop, as follows: 4. acreage X yield per acre = production 5. production X price = value of production in the county for each crop 6. acres of summer fallow, prevent plant and all crops are summed, and 7. values of production for all crops are summed The results of steps 6 and 7 provide total value of crop production and total cropland acreage for each county 5

Change in Average Crop Revenue 2011 to Year2011 Analysis2012 Analysis 2000 $ 118,892, $ 111,850, $ 117,900, $ 135,366, $ 106,952, $ 137,595, $ 139,725, $ 227,944, $ 243,999, $ 185,589,994 $ 185,325, $ 330,430,546 Olympic Average $ 146,858,092 $ 162,463,378 Landowner Share $ 45,403,733 $ 50,127,426

Landowner Share of Average Returns per Acre, 2011to Analysis2012 Analysis Landowner Share $ 45,403,733 $ 50,127,426 Cost of Prod. Index Revenue/C of P $ 32,585,265 $ 34,029,933 Average Acres 762, ,070 Landowner Share of Gross Returns/acre$ $ 44.25

Capitalized Average Value per Acre for Cropland, 2011 to Analysis2012 Analysis Landowner Share of Gross Returns/acre $ $ Capitalization Rate Capitalized Value $ $

Estimating the Value of Native Rangeland and Pasture Estimating the value of native rangeland and pasture involves estimating the value of calves and cull cows produced per acre of those lands. These estimates are based on the livestock carrying capacity, measured in animal unit months (AUMs). One AUM is assumed to be enough grazing capacity to support a 1,000 pound cow and her calf for one month. 9

Non-cropland The data needed to estimate gross revenue for non- cropland in each of the state’s counties are: 1. acreages of rangeland and pasture in each county 2. carrying capacity (in AUMs) for rangeland and pasture in each county, and 3. price calves and cull cows The source of data is the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) of the United States Department of Agriculture 10

Non-cropland (continued) The procedure for estimating gross revenue from non-cropland in each county is as follows: 4. rangeland acres X rangeland AUM factor, plus 5. pasture acres X pasture AUM factor = 6. total AUMs for the county 7. revenue per AUM is calculated by using production factors and prices for calves and cull cows 8. total non-cropland revenue is total AUMs X revenue per AUM The results of these steps provide total value of non-cropland production and total non-cropland acreage for each county 11

Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Data The data for CRP are from the Farm Service Agency (FSA), USDA and consists of the number of acres enrolled in the CRP program, by county, and the total payments made in each county for the CRP program One-half of the total CRP payments are entered as gross revenue from CRP 12

Government Program Payments Data These data are also provided by FSA and consist of the government payments made in each county for all commodity programs (exclusive of CRP) 13

Capitalization Rate The data used to develop the interest rate used to capitalize the landlord share of gross revenue is the set of annual average interest rates. The interest rate that is developed is based on the last 12 years, with the high year and the low year dropped (Olympic average), so the rate that results is the average of the ten remaining years. 14 (Senior Asset/Liability Analyst, AgriBank, FCB, St. Paul, MN)

Minimum Capitalization Rate The 2003 Legislature amended the capitalization rate formula, setting a minimum rate of 9.5 percent to be used when the formula rate falls below this level The 2005 Legislature amended the formula again, setting the minimum rate at 8.9 percent for 2005 and 8.3 percent for subsequent years The 2009 Legislature amended the formula, setting the minimum at 8.0 for 2009, 7.7 percent for 2010 and 7.4 percent for 2011, and back to the legislated formula for 2012 and beyond. 15

Historical Capitalization Rates % % (8.10%) % % (7.73%) % % (7.426%) % % (7.325%) % % (7.178%) % % (7.008%) % % (6.627%) % % (6.25%) % % % (8.53%) 16 Note: Numbers in parenthesis are formula rates not used

Cost of Production Index An index of prices paid for items used for production, interest, taxes and wage rates From the Economic Research Service (ERS) of the USDA. Reduces the landowners share of gross return Reduces calculated land values Added to the model in

Cost of Production Index (continued) 1998n/a

What Changes Cropland Values? Capitalization Rate Cost of Production Index Crop Revenue Crop mix Crop yields Crop prices Government payments CRP payments 19

Change In Cropland Values For 2012 Is Attributed To: Capitalization Rate (all counties) =up 26.19% Cost of Production Index (all counties) =down 5.41% Crop Revenue variable by county up 5.9% to 17.4% 20

What Changes Non-Crop Land Values? Capitalization Rate Cost of Production Index Livestock Revenue Cull cow price Calf price 21

Change In Non-Cropland Values For 2012 Is Attributed To: Capitalization Rate (all counties) =up 26.19% Cost of Production Index (all counties) =down 5.41% Livestock Revenue (all counties) =up 1.88% 22

Thank you Any Questions? 23 Contact Information: Dwight Aakre Ron Haugen