Phylum Annelida the segmented worms 1st phyla we will talk about and what we will cover in the lab today is… the segmented worms

Activities and Assignments Labs Earthworm behavior (binder) Earthworm Dissection (binder) Video Med. Uses of Leeches (binder) Quiz- short topic Text Reading 671-674 Worksheet Vocabulary: monecious, dioecious, mutualism, tagmosis, detritus, triploblastic, coelom, septa, cerebral ganglia, parapodia, setae, parts of the worm anatomy from the lab

How do the Annelids fit in? Annelida Rotifera Nematoda Platyhelminthes Nemertea Cnidaria Porifera unknown common ancestor

Annelida Characteristics Triploblastic (3 tissue layers) Organ level of organization Bilateral Symmetry Cephalization Coelomate (with a body cavity)

Remember these ideas from the last chapter

Coelomate Have a “true” body cavity that is completely surrounded by mesoderm ectoderm coelom mesoderm Gut endoderm

Annelid Characteristics the coelom is a closed, fluid filled cavity that surrounds the gut the fluid within acts as a circulatory system and hydroskeleton mesodermal membranes (mesenteries) suspend organs in the coelom ectoderm

Annelida Characteristics Metamerism The body is made up of serially repeating, coordinated segments called metameres that are separated from one another by septa. Each metamere contains sets of repeating organs e.g. gut, blood vessels, nerve cord, excretory organs

Metamerism septa Think of a row of tires

Annelida Characteristics Nervous system 2 cerebral ganglia a ventral nerve cord with 2 ganglia per metamere. In some species, sensory organs such as eyes, palps, and tentacles have arisen

brain nerve cord 2 cerebral ganglia

Annelida Characteristics Arthropod exoskeleton component Locomotion both longitudinal and circular muscles most have setae (chitonous bristles secreted by the epidermis) that aid in locomotion and burrowing Skeletal System fluid in coelom acts as a hydrostatic skeleton

Class Oligochaeta Locomotion Circular muscle contraction Longitudinal muscle contraction

Annelind Cross section

Annelind Cross section Circular muscle Longitudinal muscle skin

Annelind Cross section coelom Circular muscle Gut (intestine) Longitudinal muscle Intestine wall skin

Annelid Characteristics Gas exchange mainly by diffusion Class Polychaeta often has specialized structures for gas exchange (e.g. parapodia, gills)

Annelid Characteristics Digestive System You’ll get to observe these more closely during the dissection complete regional specialization Circulatory System closed circulatory system composed of blood vessels (some of which are contractile and act as “hearts”) some circulation is also accomplished by the coelomic fluid

This diagram is found in the dissection lab coelomic chambers pharynx mouth esophagus crop (storage) gizzard (mashing) This diagram is found in the dissection lab

More properly called “aortic arches” One each on the dorsal and ventral sides hearts blood vessels

Annelid Characteristics Excretion excretion is accomplished by organs called nephridia (singular nephridium) in the skin sexual Hermaphrodites (individuals with both sets of reproductive organs) Reproduction

Phylum Annelida Class Oligochaeta Class Hirudinea Class Polychaeta

Class Oligochaeta 1st phyla we will talk about and what we will cover in the lab today is…

Class Oligochaeta terrestrial, freshwater and marine have few setae (Oligo = few, chaeta = setae) usually feed on detritus (decaying organic matter) have specialized digestive system to obtain the maximum amount of nutrients out of the detritus (e.g. pharynx, gizzard, crop…)

Class Oligochaeta Locomotion Circular muscle contraction Longitudinal muscle contraction

Class Oligochaeta Reproduction usually monoecious cross-fertilize by exchanging sperm clitellum testis

Ecology Earthworms are essential soil aerators If all the material ever moved through earthworms was piled up, the heap would rise 30miles , more than 5 times the height of Mount Everest!! Worm Grunting: 1st phyla we will talk about and what we will cover in the lab today is… A saw or leaf spring of a pick-up stob

Class Hirudinea 1st phyla we will talk about and what we will cover in the lab today is…

Class Hirudinea usually freshwater but there are some marine and terrestrial species no septa between metameres no setae have 2 suckers

Class Hirudinea have an extendable proboscis for feeding

Class Hirudinea usually have a fixed number of segments (34) each metamere consists of several annuli (think accordion) 1 metamere annuli

Class Hirudinea Locomotion Lack septa between metameres, so they are incapable of moving like Oligochaetes. Instead, they use their anterior and posterior suckers to move. 1st phyla we will talk about and what we will cover in the lab today is…

Class Hirudinea Reproduction usually monoecious cross-fertilize by exchanging sperm 1st phyla we will talk about and what we will cover in the lab today is…

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Ecology Although some leeches are parasitic blood suckers (can be temporary or permanent), many are predators. 1st phyla we will talk about and what we will cover in the lab today is…

Ecology video Leeches have been used medicinally since the 19th century. Currently they are used to increase blood flow following reconstructive surgery Hirudin is a powerful anticoagulant that is found in the salivary glands of leeches Leech saliva contains antiseptic chemicals And an anesthetic 1st phyla we will talk about and what we will cover in the lab today is… DON’T WRITE THIS DOWN, YOU HAVE AN ARTICLE AND VIDEO WITH THE INFO

Class Polychaeta 1st phyla we will talk about and what we will cover in the lab today is…

Class Polychaeta all marine this class contains 2/3 of all known Annelids have a well developed head with specialized sense organs 1st phyla we will talk about and what we will cover in the lab today is…

Class Polychaeta have many setae (chitonous bristles secreted by the epidermis) (Poly = many, chaeta= setae) these setae are arranged in bundles on paddle-like appendages called parapodia 1st phyla we will talk about and what we will cover in the lab today is… setae

Class Polychaeta Parapodium 1st phyla we will talk about and what we will cover in the lab today is… setae The parapodia function in gas exchange, locomotion, and feeding.

Class Polychaeta Tagmatization (tagmosis) the fusion and specialization of formerly metameric segments 1st phyla we will talk about and what we will cover in the lab today is…

Class Polychaeta Many are filter-feeders with specialized structures 1st phyla we will talk about and what we will cover in the lab today is…

Class Polychaeta Many are predatory with specialized structures 1st phyla we will talk about and what we will cover in the lab today is…

Class Polychaeta 1st phyla we will talk about and what we will cover in the lab today is… Many construct their own homes out of CaCO3 or sand debris and mucous

Class Polychaeta Reproduction usually dioecious (separate sexes) no permanent sex organs; gametes are shed into coelom fertilization is usually external indirect development  trocophore larvae 1st phyla we will talk about and what we will cover in the lab today is…

Ecology Polychaetes often have effective defense strategies: some have tubes to hide in some have vicious jaws some have modified “stinging” setae 1st phyla we will talk about and what we will cover in the lab today is… a fireworm

Ecology A type of symbiosis Some Polychaetes have a mutualistic relationship with their host for example, many scaleworms are found near, or in the mouth, of brittlestars, starfish, and sea urchins. The scaleworm eats its host’s leftovers and with its vicious jaws, it will attack any predator trying to eat it’s host. 1st phyla we will talk about and what we will cover in the lab today is…

How do the Annelids fit in? Oligochaeta Hirudinea Polychaeta Nematoda Rotifera metamerism Nemertea Platyhelminthes Cnidaria Porifera eucoelomate protostome unknown common ancestor

Segmented Worm Quiz on Topics Labs Video Med. Uses of Leeches (binder) Phylum Annelida and 3 classes General Characteristics and Examples of each Vocabulary: monecious, dioecious, mutualism, tagmosis, detritus, triploblastic, coelom, septa, cerebral ganglia, parapodia, setae, parts of the worm anatomy from the lab Labs Earthworm behavior (binder) Earthworm Dissection (binder) Video Med. Uses of Leeches (binder) Quiz- short topic Text Reading 671-674 Worksheet