The Lithosphere Ms. Woodard

Day 1 Objective: Objective: – I can explain how the Earth is structured – I can explain how the material of earth is changed

Layers of the Earth Defined by composition 3 Major Zones – ___________

The Crust Thin, rocky outer layer Either ________ or ________________ – Oceanic is 7-km thick – Continental is 8-75 km thick

The Mantle 82% of Earth’s volume 2890-km thick _________________ _________________ _______ _________________ _________________

The Core Composed of an _______________ Extreme ________ found at the ______

Layers Based on Physical Properties ______________ – Crust and upper-most mantle – ________________ – 100-km thick _______________ – Below the Lithosphere – Soft, comparatively weak layer – ___________________

Outer Core – ___________ – 2260-km thick – ___________ flow creates Earth’s magnetic field Inner Core – _____________ – Radius of 1220-km – High ____________ – Mostly __________

What is a ROCK? Solid mass of ________ or mineral matter that naturally occurs as part of our planet Three types – _______________

Types of Rocks ________________ – Forms when lava or magma cools ________________ – When existing rocks are broken down into pieces then compacted and cemented together ________________ – When existing rocks are changed by heat and pressure

What is the ROCK CYCLE? Origin of the three basic rocks and interrelatedness of Earth’s materials and processes

Rock Cycle

DAY 2 Objective: Objective: – I can explain about the theory of plate tectonics – I can describe plate interactions

What is Continental Drift? Proposed by_______ ___________ Stated that the continents had once been joined to form a _________________ Supercontinent was called __________

What did the Theory Say? Occurred ________ years ago Pangaea broke apart ___________ years ago Continents “_______” (moved) to present positions Continents “_______” through the oceans North America and Africa split __________years ago

Evidence of Continental Drift __________ look like they fit together Same fossil organisms found on __________ _____________ Several __________ end at one coastline, only to reappear on a land mass across the ocean Ancient Climates relate

The Theory of Plate Tectonics Earth’s outer shell consists of ________ ______ Plates interact in various ways when they move

Plate Boundary Activities _____________

Earth’s Major Plates Top 7 – African – Antarctic – Eurasian – Australian-Indian – North American – Pacific – Southern American Other Plates – Arabian – Caribbean – Cocos – Nazca – Phillippine – Scotia

DAY 3 Objective Objective – I can explain how the plates interact with each other

Types of Plate Boundaries ________ Boundary ______________ Boundary

Divergent Plate Boundary When two plates _____ _________ Also called spreading centers New crust is created (mainly seafloor) – Known as ______ _______ __________ Causes ___________ and __________ (on continents)

Convergent Plate Boundary Two places move towards each other 3 versions – __________________

Oceanic-Continental Convergent Boundary ____________goes beneath the ________________ Causes – __________ zones – Trenches – Continental Volcanic arcs (ex: The Andes)

Vocabulary ____________ – sites of high rates of volcanism, earthquakes, and mountain building ____________- chain of volcanoes positioned in an arc shape

Continental-Continental Convergent Boundary Two plates ___________ plates collide Causes Mountains to forms – Ex: Appalachians, Himalayas, Alps

Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent Boundary One _________ plate goes beneath another _________ plate Causes Volcanic Island Arc – Ex: Aleutian Islands

Transform Fault Plate Boundary Two plates _____ past each other No __________ or _____________of lithosphere Causes Earthquakes – Ex: San Francisco

DAY 4 Objective: Objective: – I can explain how faults differ – I can explain the relation between boundaries and plate tectonics

What Causes Plate Movement? _______________ – The circulation of magma that pushes & pulls plates Driving Force is _________

What is a Fault? ________ in Earth where movement has taken place Most times near Plate Boundaries

Parts of a Fault _____________ – Rock above the fault line ____________ – Rock below the fault line

What are the types of Faults? ________

Types of Faults _____________ – Occurs when the hanging wall block moves down relative to the footwall block _______________ – Occurs when the hanging wall block moves up relative to the footwall block

______________ – A reverse fault with dips of less than 45 degrees ________________ – Movement is horizontal and parallel trend of the fault surface

Evidence of Plate Tectonics 1.______________ – Most persuasive evidence – Ancient magnetism found in the rocks – Records show a shift in the poles

2._________________ – Connection between deep-focus earthquakes and ocean trenches 3._______________ – Young rocks are near ocean ridge crest – Oldest rocks are near the continental margins

4.________________ – A concentration of heat in the mantle capable of producing magma, which rises to Earth’s surface – Supports that the plates move over Earth’s surface – Ex: Hawaiian Island Chain