Introduction: THE REGION OF ISRAEL AND PALESTINE 20 questions that might help you solve the presentation of the Israeli-Palestinian issue...

1. Is it in the Near or Middle East? 1. Near East Near + eastern East = derives from the « Eastern question » = the Ottoman lands, viewed from the West, and the dangerosity of Islamic repression onto Christians (Armenian minority slaughtered in 1890s – Hamidian massacres *) Near = proximity of the Turkish power with West Europe  Today, the « Near East », as used in French, refers to the Eastern part of Orient, bordering the Mediterranean sea 2. Middle East The ONLY term used in English Means « a junction place » between Europe and Eastern Asia (China) Clearly corresponds to a Eurocentric vision of the world (invented in 1850s by the British India Office)

Mediterranean sea Golan Heights Jordan river Lake Tiberias Dead sea Gulf of Aqaba Red sea COUNTRIES Can you fill in the map with its locations? Locate correctly...

3. Is it mountainous? Only two narrow strips of low lands (coast + Jordan Valley)

The land of Israel is a narrow strip of land, of the size of New Jersey, between the River Jordan and the Mediterranean. It is so small that “Moses could view all of it standing on Mt Nebo” in Jordan. Distances from... to... (in km) Jerusalem  Tel Aviv Jerusalem  Eilat Jerusalem  Tiberias Jerusalem  Dead Sea Jerusalem  Mediterranean 58?68?78? 309?420?502? 100?150?180? 22?32?42? 52?62? 4. How small is Israel?

ISRAEL Israelis Israeli (adj) PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES  Gaza strip  West bank Palestinians Palestinian NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES: LEBANON  Lebanese SYRIA  Syrians JORDAN  Jordanians SAUDI ARABIA  Saudians EGYPT  Egyptians 5. How are Near East inhabitants named?

6. How many Israeli / Palestinian cities do you know? Where would you locate... -Nazareth? -Eilat? -Jerusalem? -Tel Aviv? -Hebron? -Gaza? -Ramallah? -Haifa? -Bethlehem? -Ashqelon? -Masada? Label and mark the main cities

Play with your memory again...

7. How many people live there and where? All lands Israel except Palestinian landsGaza strip DESCRIBE trends, main changes, ratios, measuring method, result INTERPRET Possible causes / consequences La confession religieuse (le courant religieux): church, denomination, faith

Jewish enclaves / settlements 300,000 Israeli settlers live among 2.5 million Palestinians

Arab citizens of Israel are the Palestinian Arabs who remained within Israel's borders after the 1948 War, as well as those who had left during the exodus and who have since re-entered as lawful residents (family reunifications) 8. Is Arab citizenship possible in Israel ?

The Druze: Arab-speaking citizens of Israel  Numbered 117,500 (2006)  living in former British Mandate Palestine  persecuted under the Ottomans  became Israeli citizens in 1948  some identify themselves as "Palestinian Druze", but most consider as Israeli rather than Arab  Serve in the Israel Defense Forces  Are represented in mainstream Israeli politics and business Israel, being a « Jewish state » (i.e. using Hebrew as the official language), is also a secular place for everyone who wants to be an Israeli citizen... e.g. The Druze community (whose religion = Ismailism): a mystical and philosophical branch inside of Islam God is "the whole of existence", rather than "above existence"

9. Why does E. Todd talk about a struggling demography? How come Jewish populations increased?How come Palestinian populations increased? « Aliyah » (ascent) Immigration to the Land of Israel (Eretz Israel) # Yerida (descent, emigration) Ultra-Orthodox birth rates (associated to allowances) Islamic encouragement Financed immigration Child allowances Fertility rates Jewish mothers 2.8 Muslim mothers 3.7 Average rate (whole population) 2.9

Jewish people around the world have decided to make their “Aliyah” Here are numbers by country since 1948 From France since 1880s: 51,000 people From Morocco since 1880s: 271,000 people

The Jewish population growth and the Haredim: “Once a tiny minority, ultra-Orthodox Jews - also known as Haredim - now make up more than 10 % of Israel’s population and 21 % of all primary- school students. With the community’s fertility rate hovering at more than three times that of other Israeli Jews, demographers project that by 2034, about one in five Israelis will be ultra-Orthodox”. (Haaretz,2012)