Astronomy and Space Ms. Woodard

DAY 1 Objective Objective – I can explain how the universe formed and the laws governing it.

What is Astronomy? The science that studies the universe that deals with: – _________________ _________________ ____ – _________________ _________________ _________________ ______

How the Universe Started? 1.__________________ – Everything was confined to a dense, hot, super- massive ball – About 13.7 billion years ago, a violent explosion occurred – __________ went in all directions – Marks the ___________________

2.Galaxy Forms – Galaxy: groups of stars, dust and gases held together by gravity – Our galaxy is _________________ 3.Formation of Solar System – _______________ Formed from a rotating cloud of _____________ First the Sun formed Next the planets formed

Types of Galaxies A.__________ – Disk shaped with concentration of stars in the centers – Arms extended from center – Ex: Milky Way Galaxy

B.___________ – Round to oval in shape – 60% of galaxies C.____________ – No definite shape – Mainly young stars

The Expanding Universe Theory Galaxies are _______________ _______________ The Universe is _______________

LAWS OF ASTRONOMY

Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion 1 st Law – _________________ _________________ _________________ __________

2 nd Law – The line joining the planet to the sun sweep out ___________ ___________ as the planet travels around the _________ 3 rd Law – The length of time it takes a planet to ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________

Law of Universal Gravitation Developed by_______________ _________________ Describes ________ Based on the ______ of objects and _________ between them

DAY 2 Objective Objective – I can explain the motions of the Earth and how it affects the Earth

Motions of Earth

ROTATION Turning or spinning of a body on its axis Causes day and night Two ways Measured – ____________ _______________ – Time interval from one noon to the next (24 hours) ________________ – Time it takes for Earth to make one complete rotation with respect to a distance star – 23 hours, 56 mins, 4 sec

Revolution Motion of a body along a path around some point in space Earth’s orbit is __________ Takes __________ Earth distance from the sun varies – _____________ ____________ – Closet to the sun – Occurs on January 3 rd ___________ – Farthest from the sun – Occurs on July 4th

Precession ____________of the direction of which the Earth’s axis point __________ does not change Happens over ________ years (complete cycle) Points to two stars – _______________

Nutation _____________ movement of the axis of a rotating body or a wobble Occurs about every _______ years

Barycenter The center of mass where __________ celestial bodies orbit each other The point _______ each other

Earth’s Axis Tilted _____ degrees Causes _______ on Earth – Tilt towards the sun indicates _______ season – Tilt away from the sun indicates ______ seasons

Earth’s Shape: The Moon’s Affect ____________ – Changes in elevation of the ocean surface – Caused by Gravitational Pull of the Sun and Moon

Types of Tides ______________ – During a full and new moon – Gravitational pull of moon and sun added – Extreme high and low tides ______________ – During the 1 st and 3 rd quarter of the moon – Gravitational pull of moon and sun are offset – Tide Range is very small

DAY 3 Objective Objective – I can explain how the sun works and how it affects itself and Earth. – I can explain how the Sun’s energy affects Earth – I can explain the Earth’s protects itself

The Sun Layers (Structure inside out) 1._____________ – Where energy is produced 2.______________ – Surface of the sun 3._______________ – Thin layer of hot gas 4._______________ 1.Outer most layer that is very weak

Sun’s Motion It is not __________ Pulled by the planets ____________ – Very slight back and forth motion Orbits the solar systems __________

Producing Energy Fusion – Atoms _____________ – Used to produce __________ – What the ______ does Fission – Atoms __________ – Used to produce energy – What ____________

What does the Sun Emits? _______________________ – Different waves of light based on ____________ and ____________ – Arranged on the _______________

Electromagnetic Spectrum ___________—lowest energy ___________ ___________(ROY G BIV) ___________ ___________—highest energy

Solar Radiation in Atmosphere 1.___________ by objects (like clouds) – 20 % 2.___________ back to Space – 30% 3.___________ the surface – 50%

When it Reaches the Surface Absorbed by __________ or ______ – Land will heat faster than water – Land will cool down faster than water Vegetation uses it

How Vegetation Uses Solar Energy They perform _______________ Transformed into ________________ Plants use sunlight to produce _________ Formula: 6H 2 O + 6CO 2  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6CO 2

Earth’s Protection ___________________ – Created by Earth’s core – Surrounds the Earth – Stops solar winds from the sun

When Magnetic Field & Solar Winds Met? The solar winds go around the Earth At weak spots near the poles, _______ form

Without the Magnetic Field Solar winds would take away the ______________ Ozone protects Earth from harmful ___________ Atmosphere would __________ Earth would not be ___________