Quick Talk HabitatEcosystemSpeciesPopulationHybridBiosphere

With Your Discussion Partner One paper everyone’s name: Complete #s 1, 2, and 3 of the Lesson Review on page 164 (you do not need to write the questions). Have the most responsible partner (and least likely to be absent) hold on to this paper. We will add to it and hand it in later (if you lose it you will have to redo these questions). Pds 3 and 4 O + 3, 4, and 7 E stopped 9-9 / 9-10

Question of the Day How do producers help an ecosystem? How do decomposers help an ecosystem?   Objectives: Discuss the 10% rule Describe an energy pyramid Describe how energy flows through a food chain / web 9-16

producer primary consumer secondary consumer tertiary consumer Pds 3 and 4 O stopped 9-13

Pd 7 O + 3, 4, and 7 E stopped 9-13/9-14

Ecosystem Terms – Energy Pyramid  Energy Pyramid – made up of trophic levels that shows the amount of energy in a food web made up of trophic levels that shows the amount of energy in a food web  As you move from one level to the next, there is a 90% loss of energy. This means that only 10% get passed on to the next level. Where does all the energy go??? Where does all the energy go??? The energy gets lost as heat or is used by the organism to move, breathe, etc etc.The energy gets lost as heat or is used by the organism to move, breathe, etc etc.

Food Pyramid  How much energy is lost at each step? 90% 90%Hawk 10 Calories Snake 100 Calories Weasel 1000 Calories Mouse 10,000 calories Seeds 100,000 Calories Mouse eats 100,000 calories of seeds…but only retains 10,000 calories in it’s body…why?

Food Chains and Food Webs:  ARROWS: An  shows the direction of the energy flow through the food chain / web An  shows the direction of the energy flow through the food chain / web The arrow literally means “is used for energy by” OR “is eaten by” The arrow literally means “is used for energy by” OR “is eaten by” So the following means what? Wheat  Deer So the following means what? Wheat  Deer The wheat is used for energy by the deerThe wheat is used for energy by the deer The wheat is eaten by the DeerThe wheat is eaten by the Deer

Food Chain  Please create a food chain using the following organisms Lettuce uses the sun’s energy to produce its food, which is ___________. Lettuce uses the sun’s energy to produce its food, which is ___________. Lettuce would be considered a _____________Lettuce would be considered a _____________ Lettuce is used for food by a person Lettuce is used for food by a person The Person would be considered a ____________ ______________The Person would be considered a ____________ ______________ The person’s blood is used for food by the mosquito The person’s blood is used for food by the mosquito The mosquito is a _______________ ______________The mosquito is a _______________ ______________ GLUCOSE PRODUCER PRIMARY CONSUMER SECONDARY CONSUMER

The mosquito is food for a dragon fly (_____________ _____________) The mosquito is food for a dragon fly (_____________ _____________) The dragon fly is food for a frog (____ ________ _____________) The dragon fly is food for a frog (____ ________ _____________) The frog is food for a snake (____ ________ _____________) The frog is food for a snake (____ ________ _____________) Snake is food for a hawk (____ ________ _____________) Snake is food for a hawk (____ ________ _____________) The hawk dies and is broken down by bacteria The hawk dies and is broken down by bacteria Bacteria is considered a ________________Bacteria is considered a ________________ The decayed organism’s ______________ are returned to the soil. The decayed organism’s ______________ are returned to the soil. Plants now take _________________________ from the soil to growPlants now take _________________________ from the soil to grow TERTIARYCONSUMER 4 th LEVEL CONSUMER 5 th LEVEL CONSUMER 6 TH LEVEL CONSUMER DECOMPOSER NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS + MINERALS

Quick Talk HabitatHerbivoreSpeciesProducerHybrid Food Chain OmnivoreEcosystemDecomposerPopulationHybridNiche

Fill in the Concept Map I gave you. - Use your notes if needed 9-17

Food Webs  FOOD WEBS: a series of connected food chains a series of connected food chains Food webs are more complicated than food chains Food webs are more complicated than food chains They show ALL the relationships between the specified organisms. They show ALL the relationships between the specified organisms.

Draw the Food Chain SUNWheatGrasshopper SoilShrew OwlFungus

Food Chain  Answer the Following Questions about the above food chain What is the producer? What is the producer? WheatWheat What is the decomposer? What is the decomposer? fungusfungus Name any consumer: Name any consumer: Owl or shrew or grasshopperOwl or shrew or grasshopper Name the secondary consumer: Name the secondary consumer: shrewshrew Where does the energy come from in the food chain? Where does the energy come from in the food chain? Starts with the sun…then plantsStarts with the sun…then plants

Draw the Food Web SUN Plant Plankton Tadpoles Mayfly Larvae Kingfisher Sunfish Bacteria Minnows Macro- invertebrates

Food Web Questions 1. Which predator has the most connections? Sunfish 2. What are the mayfly larvae’s predators? Sunfish and Minnows 3. Does every organism have at least one source of food? Macro-invertebrates??? – but they must just not shown 4. What are the producers? Plant Plankton 5. List three primary consumers? Sunfish, minnows, mayfly larvae, animal plankton, etc

Draw the Food Web SUN Plant Plankton Tadpoles Mayfly Larvae Kingfisher Sunfish Bacteria Minnows Macro- invertebrates

6. List three secondary consumers? sunfish, kingfisher, minnow 7. What would happen to the population numbers of the other organisms if the Minnow’s went extinct? some populations would decrease, some would increase until a new equilibrium is reached 8. What is the decomposer? bacteria 9. Are there any scavengers? None listed – however most organisms will scavenge a meal if possible 10. How would an ecologist use a food web? -To calculate how the loss of a species could affect the remaining species -To figure the role of different organisms in an ecosystem -To figure the role of different organisms in an ecosystem

6. List three secondary consumers? ____sunfish, kingfisher, minnow______ 7. What would happen to the population numbers of the other organisms if the Minnow’s went extinct? ___some populations would decrease, some would increase until a new equilibrium is reached____ 8. What is the decomposer? _____bacteria____ 9. Are there any scavengers? ___None listed – however most organisms will scavenge a meal if possible_______ 10. How would an ecologist use a food web? -To calculate how the loss of a species could affect the remaining species -To figure the role of different organisms in an ecosystem -To figure the role of different organisms in an ecosystem

Food Chain  Draw the following Food Chain: Fungus (breaks down owl when it dies) Fungus (breaks down owl when it dies) Shrew (eats the grasshopper) Shrew (eats the grasshopper) Owl (eats the shrew) Owl (eats the shrew) Soil (produced after decomposition of owl – used by plants) Soil (produced after decomposition of owl – used by plants) Grasshopper (eats the wheat) Grasshopper (eats the wheat) Shrew (eats grasshopper) Shrew (eats grasshopper)

Food Webs  FOOD WEBS: a series of connected food chains a series of connected food chains Food webs are more complicated than food chains Food webs are more complicated than food chains They show ALL the relationships between the specified organisms. They show ALL the relationships between the specified organisms.

Food Webs  Draw the following Food Web: Sunfish (eat animal plankton, plant plankton, tadpoles, minnows and mayfly larvae) Sunfish (eat animal plankton, plant plankton, tadpoles, minnows and mayfly larvae) Minnows ( eat animal plankton, plant plankton and mayfly larvae) Minnows ( eat animal plankton, plant plankton and mayfly larvae) Tadpoles (eat plant plankton) Tadpoles (eat plant plankton) Kingfisher (a bird that eats sunfish and minnows) Kingfisher (a bird that eats sunfish and minnows) Mayfly Larvae (eats animal plankton and plant plankton) Mayfly Larvae (eats animal plankton and plant plankton) Plant plankton (microscopic plants that make food from the sun) Plant plankton (microscopic plants that make food from the sun) Animal plankton (eats plant plankton and bacteria) Animal plankton (eats plant plankton and bacteria) Bacteria (breaks down any dead or decaying organisms Bacteria (breaks down any dead or decaying organisms

Food Web  Food Web in an Antarctic Ecosystem  Algae (eaten by Cod, Adelie Penguin, Squid, Krill and Small Animals)  Small Animals (eaten by Cod and Squid)  Krill (eaten by Adelie penguin, Cod and Crabeater seal)  Cod (eaten by leopard seal, crabeater seal and adelie penguin)  Adelie Penguin (eaten by Leopard Seal and Killer Whale)  Squid (eaten by Elephant Seal, Leopard Seal and Killer Whales)  Crabeater Seal (eaten by Leopard Seal and Killer Whale)  Elephant Seal (eaten by Leopard Seal and Killer Whale)  Leopard Seal (eaten by Killer Whale)  Killer Whale (no predators)  Bacteria (breaks down all dead organisms)

Examine the Food Web

Answer the following questions about the food web above:   What are three tertiary consumers? Orca, Leopard Seal, Crabeater Seal, etc   Which is the top predator? Orca (Killer Whale)   Which organism would you expect to have the highest population number? Algae   Which organism would you expect to have the lowest population number? Killer whale   What is the producer? Algae   What would happen if the Leopard Seal went extinct? Population shifts – Leopard seals prey would probably increase.   What would happen if the algae went extinct? Food web would collapse

The ______________ is made up of… ____________ which contain… ____________ made up of… __________

What makes the Earth so special?