Student Seminar Subatomic Physics Herbert Löhner, Olaf Scholten, Johan Messchendorp 1st block, semester 1, 2009/2010 Wednesday 13:15-15:00 This course is given in the style of a seminar with an introduction by the lecturers and presentations given by the participants. A topic of high current interest in subatomic physics will be studied by discussing review articles from recent literature. Participants will be supervised by the instructors in individually arranged coaching sessions in preparing their specific contribution for the presentation. Current topic: “Non-perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics” Physics at BES-III Literature: IHEP-Physics-Report-BES-III v1 ( ) Editors: Kuang-Ta Chao and Yifang Wang Website: t.b.a with current info

What is BES III Detector at the BEPCII accelerator in Bejing BEPC=Bejing Electron Positron Collider at the IHEP (Institute of High Energy Physics) Operates at E cm = GeV, tau-lepton en charm-quark production CERN courier, june 8, 2009: 100 million ψ(2S)

1.1 The Status of the BEPC

2.1 The double ring structure of BEPCII

Adapt to high event rate of BEPCII: cm -2 s -1 and bunch spacing 8ns Reduce sys. errors to match high statistics Increase acceptance MDC: small cell & He gas  xy =130  m  p /p = dE/dx=6% EMCAL: CsI crystal  E /E =  z = 0.5 cm/  E TOF:  T = 80 ps Barrel 100 ps Endcap Magnet: T existing BESII magnet - 1 T Super conducting magnet Muon ID: 9 layer RPC Trigger: Tracks & Showers Pipelined; Latency = 2.4  s Data Acquisition: Event rate = 3KHz Thruput ~ 50 MB/s BESIII detector

Physics interest (1) 3 families –quarks –leptonen

Physics interest (2) 1/m c may serve as perturbation parameter Charmed states are distinct in Energy CP-violation laboratory –(shows primarily in decays) What is structure states???

Student Seminar, Grading Criteria Preparation: Making use of proposed literature Incorporating additional literature Understanding of the subject matter Depth of the presentation Structure of the presentation Presentation: Formulation of stimulating questions Answering questions from audience Presentation technique Quality of slides Time management Participation: Presence during seminar hours Active participation during seminar hours Contributing questions before the seminar sessions Answering questions at the end of seminar sessions Final written exam, based on presented material; vrijstelling mogelijk bij voldoende resultaat wekelijkse deelname

Seminar Preparation Timeline week N-3discuss outline material N-2present overview presentation give the group a tutorial reference (~5 pages) N-11 st trial presentation NMonday2 nd trial presentation N Wednesday Presentation

Topics / chapters 2 The BES-III detector and offline software Monte Carlo Generators 3.3 Particle Identification 3.4 Kinematic Fitting 3.5 Partial Wave Analysis Dalitz-plot Analysis Formalism Physics Processes and Radiative Corrections 5 Hadronic fragmentation R values and precision test of the Standard Model Experimental tests of QCD Meson spectroscopy (conventional mesons, glue balls) Meson spectroscopy (hybrids, multi-quarks, molecules) Baryon spectrum Physics of soft pions (PCAC) Theoretical Frameworks of Charmonium Physics (NRQCD) Charmonium Spectroscopy Charmonium transitions Hadronic and radiative tr channels for new exp.s Radiative decays Leptonic, semileptonic D(DS) decays and CKM matrix 25 D 0 − D 0 Mixing CP and T Violation Tau Decays

Hadronic fragmentation Figure 5.3: (a) String fragmentation in time-longitudinal phase-space by a set of new pairs (q¯q or q¯qq¯q) production, hadrons (mesons M and baryons B) form at the vertices; (b) the vertex V divides the n-body string fragmentation into two clusters that contain n1 and n2 hadrons with squared invariant masses s1 and s2.

R values and precision test of the Standard Model Figure 6.1: R had versus cms energy. Measurements are shown with statistical errors. The relative uncertainty assigned to the parameterization is shown as a band and given with numbers at the bottom (from Ref. [43]). Running of the EM coupling constant

Meson spectroscopy (Glue Balls) Figure 9.1: The mass spectrum of glueballs in pure SU(3) gauge theory. The masses are given both in terms of r0 (r −1 0 = 410MeV) and in GeV. The thickness of each colored box indicates the statistical uncertainty of the mass.

Meson spectroscopy (hybrids, multi-quarks, molecules) Figure 9.24: The η′π + π − invariant mass for J/ψ → γη′π + π −. The generated signals and backgrounds are normalized to 3 × 10 9 J/ψ events and are added incoherently.

Baryon spectrum Figure 10.3: Various pictures for internal quark-gluon structure of baryons: (a) qqq, (b) qqqg hybrid, (c) diquark, d) meson-baryon state, (e) pentaquark with diquark clusters.

Physics of soft pions (PCAC) Figure 11.7: The Kπ invariant mass recoiling against a K ∗. The crosses are data and histograms represent the PWA fit projection. The shaded area shows the κ contribution.

Non-Relativistic QCD Effective Field Theory (NRQCD) Table 13.1: Different recent determinations of m b (m b ) and m c (m c ) in the MS scheme from the bottomonium and the charmonium systems. The displayed results either use direct determinations or non-relativistic sum rules. Here and in the text, the ∗ indicates that the theoretical input is only partially complete at that order.

Charmonium Spectroscopy Figure 14.1: Predicted and observed spectrum of charmonium states (Table 14.2). The solid lines are experiment for reasonably well-established charmonium states.

Charmonium transitions Figure 15.4: Radiative transitions between charmonium states below the open charm threshold. Figure 15.5: Hadronic transitions of ψ′ to other charmonium states.

Radiative decays; Alpha(S) Figure 17.1: Direct contributions in the weak coupling regime. The solid green line corresponds to the calculation for the central region at NLO, which should be reliable up to z < 0.7. The blue dot-dashed line corresponds to the calculation for the upper end-point region, which is expected to provide a reasonable model for 0.7 < z < 0.9. The red dashed line is the curve obtained by merging.

D 0 − D 0 Mixing Figure 25.1: Standard Model box diagrams of flavor-changing neutral currents contributing to D 0 − D 0 mixing at the quark level.

CP and T Violation Table 26.1: Measurements of CP violating asymmetries in neutral D decays in different modes.

Topics / chapters 2 The BES-III detector and offline software Monte Carlo Generators 3.3 Particle Identification 3.4 Kinematic Fitting 3.5 Partial Wave Analysis Dalitz-plot Analysis Formalism Physics Processes and Radiative Corrections 5 Hadronic fragmentation R values and precision test of the Standard Model Experimental tests of QCD Meson spectroscopy (conventional mesons, glue balls) Meson spectroscopy (hybrids, multi-quarks, molecules) Baryon spectrum Physics of soft pions (PCAC) Theoretical Frameworks of Charmonium Physics (NRQCD) Charmonium Spectroscopy Charmonium transitions Hadronic and radiative tr channels for new exp.s Radiative decays Leptonic, semileptonic D(DS) decays and CKM matrix 25 D 0 − D 0 Mixing CP and T Violation Tau Decays

Schedule Student Seminar Subatomic Physics 2009: Non-perturbative QCD dateTopicSpeaker(s) Coach 2 sept.IntroductionOS 9 sept. Panda meeting in FZ Juelich (preparation of subjects, no seminar) 16 sept.Detectorproperties Ganesh Tambave JM Vanni Jothi 23 sept. Meson spectroscopy Hanna RenkemaOS (conventional mesons, glue balls) Meike Door 30 sept. Meson spectroscopy Samuel Hoekman T.HL (hybrids, multi-quarks, molecules) Zorione Herrasti 7 oct. D 0 − D 0 Mixing Niels vd Vegte Roel Tempelaar OS, JM 14 oct. Charmonium transitions Hans Kuipers Maikel de Vries OS, JM 21 oct. Theoretical Frameworks of Tom Boot Charmonium Physics (NRQCD) Victor HaverkortHL 28 oct. CP and T Violation Wouter Dekens Gianluca Inguglia (?) OS, JM

History of Charm First Evidence: Charge current operator and splitting of K L and K S Data suggested m c = 2 GeV (In these days the quark model was not yet accepted!!) 1971: First evidence for charmed mesons in cosmic-ray emulsion experiment. 1974, october: Discovery of Charmonium, J/Ψ (J pc =1 -- ) by Ting (BNL) and Richter (SLAC), a state at 3.1 GeV with a very narrow width. 1974, D-mesons as narrow states in K+π Since: spectrum of Charmonium and charmed mesons

Physics of Charm aim: set context for this lecture series subject: role of charm in standard model

Physics interest high precision measurements, –CKM matrix elements related to charm weak decays, –decay constants f D+ and f DS compare with QCD predictions –Dalitz decays of three-body D meson decays, –searches for CP violation in the charmed-quark sector –D 0 D 0 -oscillation parameters –absolute decay branching fractions –lepton-number violating, flavor violating and/or invisible decays of D-mesons, –charmonium resonances