U.S. History Summer School

Loyalty leads to Rebellion Stamp Act 1765 –First Tax levied directly against the Colonies –Sons of Liberty organized to oppose –“No Taxation Without Representation” Repealed 1766 Townshend Acts –Tax on lead, paper, tea, paint, and glass. –Creates customs commission

Tensions rise Boston Massacre – 1770 –4 colonists are shot by British soldiers who were attacked by colonists. –British claimed they were fired upon. –Outrage grows through colonies Tea Act 1773 –All parts of Townshend Acts removed except the tax on Tea. –Boston Tea Party

Punishment Intolerable Acts 1774 –Closed Boston harbor –Boston had to pay for destroyed tea –Quartering Act First Continental Congress –All colonies send delegates to Philadelphia to decide how to react to British “tyranny” –Olive Branch Petition Expressed loyalty and asked the king to help find a solution all sides could agree with.

Second Continental Congress November 1775 –After Lexington and Concord King refuses Olive Branch Petition Delegates decide to form Continental Army and form committee to draft Declaration of Independence –George Washington Commander –Ben Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston. Return in June of 1776 Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776

Battles of the American Revolution 1775 – Lexington and Concord 1775 – Bunker Hill 1777 – Saratoga 1780 – Kings Mt – Yorktown

War Ends Treaty of Paris (1783) Britain recognizes the U.S. Northern and western border set Mississippi River trade will forever be open to British citizens. Florida back to Spain Remaining British troops removed Rights and properties of American loyalists restored.

Now What? Articles of Confederation 1777 –First Government of New Country –Had little Power No power to tax No power to regulate trade between colonies –All agreed we needed something better. –But What?

Constitutional Convention Philadelphia, May 1787 Two Main groups –Those wanting to fix Articles of Confed. –Those wanting to create something new Problem – Convention only had power to fix Articles. They decided - so what!

Constitutional Convention Two plans emerge –Virginia Plan –New Jersey Plan Virginia Plan –Favored the large states –Bi-Cameral legislature –Power to Veto State laws –Representation based on population

Constitutional Convention New Jersey Plan –Favored by smaller States –Unicameral legislature –All states have one vote –Power to tax and regulate commerce –Created Executive and Judicial branches –Aimed at keeping state governments more powerful than Federal.

The Compromises’ The Great Compromise –Legislature and powers were agreed upon what they are today. The Three-Fifths Compromise –Slaves would count as 3/5ths of a man to increase the population and representation of Southern States.