Skeletal System

Bones The skeleton has two major parts: 1.Axial skeleton are the bones of the head and trunk 2.Appendicular skeleton are the bones of the pelvis shoulder girdle and limbs.

Bones Functions of the skeleton 1.Aid in movement of the body 2.Support and protect internal body organs 3.Produce red and white blood cells 4.Store minerals for the bodies usage.

Bones Ossification-process of bone formation. Ossification begins in week 8 of an embryos development. A baby is born with 270 bones and an adult has 206 bones A babies bones are soft and ossification continues and makes them hard and able to bear weight.

Bones  Diaphysis-long bone containing a shaft.  Epiphysis-end of long bone  Medullary canal-center of the shaft where bone marrow is  Spongy bone-breakdown of hard bone  Periosteum-fibrous tissue covering the bone

Bones Bone growth starts from the center of the diaphysis and moves to the epiphyseal ends (end of the bones)

Bones  Osteoblasts-bone cells involved in the formation of new bone.  Osteoclasts-bone cells involved in the breakdown of old bone.

Bones When the epiephyseal cartilage is completely ossified growth stops. This is approximately 18 in females and in males. Does this mean bone growth stops? Why or why not?

Bones-Types  Long Bones-arms and legs  Flat Bones-skull, ribs, sternum  Irregular bones- spinal cord  Short bones- cubelike bones of the tarsals and carpals

Bones  Simple/closed fracture- break in bone that does not pierce skin Femur fracture

Bones  Open/Compound Fracture- the fractured end penetrates the skin. Possible infection. tibia/fibula fracture

Bones-Injuries  Comminuted Fracture- break in bone where it is fractured in many pieces Tibia/fibula fracture

Bones  Greenstick fracture-an incomplete fracture in the shaft of a bone occuring in children. Think of a child’s bone as that of a young tree shoot, it bends and may break part way, but does not crack like an adult’s would.

Bones  Stress fracture-small incomplete break in the bone that results from overuse, weakness or biomechanical problems.

Bones  Epiphyseal Plate Fracture-break in the bone at the growth plate. Typically in children 10-16, most often at wrist or ankle.

An avulsion fracture

Library Kinesiology Project  Look at page 16 in text You are going to choose 10 of the words on the list to give the following information for.  Marking  Describe in your words  Example  Picture  Be able to point it out on the skeleton in class