0 Market Access : the Heart of the DDA Kenneth HEYDON OECD Trade Directorate

1 Border protection down...merchandise trade up Average tariff level (industrial goods, left axis) and trade volume index (1950 = 100, right axis)

2 OECD Study Welfare gains in developed and developing countries from tariff reductions and trade facilitation

3 OECD Study Initial differences between bound and applied tariffs (by sector)

4 OECD study Sectoral origins of welfare gains going to developing countries from full tariff liberalisation

5 Which farms benefit from support? share of 25% largest farms in …

6 Services make up a major and growing portion of the world economy In 2000, the estimated total value of world services was some US$ 1.4 trillion. In 2000, services made a major contribution to the GDP of both developed and developing countries: –services to GDP ratio in DCs ranged from 39% in Nigeria to 89% in Hong Kong, China –average services to GDP ratio in the 49 LDCs was 10% with peaks of 50% Source: World Development Indicators

7 Gains from trade liberalisation Note: Estimates vary on the basis of the size of initial barriers, theoretical frameworks, modeling techniques and datasets used

8 Scenario results on income effects Taking into account country, sector and trader diversity the larger gains from trade facilitation should accrue to developing countries

9 Backing up Trade Policy Reform Regulatory Reform Institutions for Conflict Resolution –property rights –anti trust –social insurance Sound Macro-economic Management Labour Market Flexibility Technical Assistance & Capacity Building