A Systematic, Multi-Criteria Decision Support Framework for Sustainable Drainage Design Jo-fai Chow, Dragan Savić, David Fortune, Zoran Kapelan, Netsanet Mebrate You can download this presentation from chow-iahr chow-iahr2013 photo's courtesy of

About this Presentation Background Multiple Benefits (Green Values) of Sustainable Drainage Systems Systematic Evaluation Framework with Application Examples Maximising Multiple Benefits Conclusions 02 of 14slides

Background Trends in Drainage Industry Moving towards a sustainable approach 03 of 14slides Sustainable & Balanced Approach Traditional & Biased Approach Water Quantity Water Quality Other Benefits Water Quantity Water Quality

Background Trends in Drainage Industry Moving towards a sustainable approach Challenge Lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design 03 of 14slides Sustainable & Balanced Approach Traditional & Biased Approach Water Quantity Water Quality Other Benefits Water Quantity Water Quality

Background Trends in Drainage Industry Moving towards a sustainable approach Challenge Lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design Objective To develop a new decision support system for sustainable drainage design 03 of 14slides Sustainable & Balanced Approach Traditional & Biased Approach Water Quantity Water Quality Other Benefits Water Quantity Water Quality

Background Trends in Drainage Industry Moving towards a sustainable approach Challenge Lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design Objective To develop a new decision support system for sustainable drainage design Collaboration Funded by EPSRC and XP Solutions Supervised by Uni. of Exeter, XP Solutions and STREAM IDC 03 of 14slides Sustainable & Balanced Approach Traditional & Biased Approach Water Quantity Water Quality Other Benefits Water Quantity Water Quality

Green Values (Multiple Benefits) of Sustainable Drainage Systems Water Quantity Reduction Runoff reduction, flood risk mgt., re-use 04 of 14slides photo's courtesy of XP Solutionsphoto's courtesy of ReneCreate

Green Values (Multiple Benefits) of Sustainable Drainage Systems Water Quantity Reduction Runoff reduction, flood risk mgt., re-use Water Quality Improvement On-site treatment 04 of 14slides photo's courtesy of XP Solutionsphoto's courtesy of ReneCreate photo's courtesy of EMPowerHouse photo's courtesy of roanokeoutside.com photo's courtesy of nzconservation.wordpress.com

Green Values (Multiple Benefits) of Sustainable Drainage Systems Water Quantity Reduction Runoff reduction, flood risk mgt., re-use Water Quality Improvement On-site treatment Environmental Impact Cleaner water & air, amenity, biodiversity, recreation, community 04 of 14slides photo's courtesy of XP Solutionsphoto's courtesy of ReneCreate photo's courtesy of EMPowerHouse photo's courtesy of roanokeoutside.com photo's courtesy of nzconservation.wordpress.com photo's courtesy of Arup photo's courtesy of Polypipe

Green Values (Multiple Benefits) of Sustainable Drainage Systems Water Quantity Reduction Runoff reduction, flood risk mgt., re-use Water Quality Improvement On-site treatment Environmental Impact Cleaner water & air, amenity, biodiversity, recreation, community Energy Saving Less cooling/heating, reduced carbon footprint 04 of 14slides photo's courtesy of XP Solutionsphoto's courtesy of ReneCreate photo's courtesy of EMPowerHouse photo's courtesy of roanokeoutside.com photo's courtesy of nzconservation.wordpress.com photo's courtesy of Arup photo's courtesy of Polypipe photo's courtesy of gregwalcher.wordpress.com photo's courtesy of china.org.cn

Green Values (Multiple Benefits) of Sustainable Drainage Systems Water Quantity Reduction Runoff reduction, flood risk mgt., re-use Water Quality Improvement On-site treatment Environmental Impact Cleaner water & air, amenity, biodiversity, recreation, community Energy Saving Less cooling/heating, reduced carbon footprint Green Image of Business 04 of 14slides photo's courtesy of XP Solutionsphoto's courtesy of ReneCreate photo's courtesy of EMPowerHouse photo's courtesy of roanokeoutside.com photo's courtesy of nzconservation.wordpress.com photo's courtesy of Arup photo's courtesy of Polypipe photo's courtesy of gregwalcher.wordpress.com photo's courtesy of china.org.cn photo's courtesy of Deloitte

Quantifying Green Values: From Good Feelings to Real Numbers 05 of 14slides Calculations based on previous research projects and case studies. For more information : 1.Conference Paper greenvalues 2.This presentation online (tinyurl.com/ greenvalues )

Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14slides

Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14slides Information from a typical drainage model (e.g. Type, Size, Location)

Four main categories of performance measures. Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14slides

Key performance indicators (KPIs) calculated for each infrastructure. Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14slides

Using physical attributes & location of infrastructures to calculate costs. Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14slides

Calculate monetary measures of benefits based on KPIs. Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14slides

Consider costs and benefits over the design life of systems. Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14slides

Drainage Model Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14slides Multiple Benefits Monetary Benefits Costs Cost-Benefit Analysis

Using the Framework – Inputs: Components in a Drainage Design Model 07 of 14slides Bioretention Permeable Paving Wetland Swale photo's courtesy of XP Solutions Flow

Using the Framework – Outputs: Operational and Capital Expenditure 08 of 14slides

Using the Framework – Outputs: Operational and Capital Expenditure 08 of 14slides Swales are relatively cheap to build and maintain.

Using the Framework – Outputs: Operational and Capital Expenditure 08 of 14slides Permeable paving costs a lot more to build and maintain.

Using the Framework – Outputs: Operational and Capital Expenditure 08 of 14slides Question: can the costs be justified?

Using the Framework – Outputs: Key Performance Measures 09 of 14slides

Using the Framework – Outputs: Key Performance Measures 09 of 14slides Permeable paving can effectively reduce runoff via infiltration … but it does not add amenity value to the community.

Using the Framework – Outputs: Key Performance Measures 09 of 14slides At a fraction of the cost, swales can provide moderate runoff reduction and increase the amenity value as a result of the green surface areas.

Using the Framework – Outputs: Key Performance Measures 09 of 14slides Goal: moving away from subjective opinions to a systematic comparison. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages

Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 10 of 14slides Bioretention Permeable Paving Bioretention Wetland Swale photo's courtesy of allbiz Let’s consider the sustainable design example discussed in previous slides again. What if we replace the swales and wetland with storage tanks?

Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 10 of 14slides Bioretention Permeable Paving Bioretention Wetland Swale photo's courtesy of allbiz Storage Tank Let’s consider the sustainable design example discussed in previous slides again. What if we replace the swales and wetland with storage tanks?

Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 10 of 14slides Bioretention Permeable Paving Bioretention Wetland Swale photo's courtesy of allbiz Storage Tank Question: is it worth considering the green approach after all? What do you think? Let’s consider the sustainable design example discussed in previous slides again. What if we replace the swales and wetland with storage tanks?

Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 11 of 14slides

Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 11 of 14slides Sustainable approach can provide multiple benefits in addition to water management.

Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 11 of 14slides Sustainable approach costs about the same to operate, much less to build yet a lot more for the land occupied when compared to traditional approach.

Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 11 of 14slides In this case, the framework suggests similar long-term costs for both approaches.

Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 11 of 14slides (Let me repeat the key message again…) Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. Goal: moving away from subjective opinions to a systematic, evidence- based comparison.

Going Beyond Evaluation: Maximising Multiple Benefits 12 of 14slides Design Consideration: Legislative Requirements

Going Beyond Evaluation: Maximising Multiple Benefits 12 of 14slides Design Consideration: Legislative Requirements Location

Going Beyond Evaluation: Maximising Multiple Benefits 12 of 14slides Design Consideration: Legislative Requirements Location Sizing

Going Beyond Evaluation: Maximising Multiple Benefits 12 of 14slides Design Consideration: Legislative Requirements Location Sizing Type & Order ? ? ? ? ? ?

Going Beyond Evaluation: Maximising Multiple Benefits 12 of 14slides Design Consideration: Legislative Requirements Location Sizing Type & Order Identifying Trade-offs: Financial Consideration Multiple Benefits ? ? ? ? ? ?

Going Beyond Evaluation: Maximising Multiple Benefits 12 of 14slides Design Consideration: Legislative Requirements Location Sizing Type & Order Identifying Trade-offs: Financial Consideration Multiple Benefits Multi-objective optimisation ? ? ? ? ? ? photo's courtesy of University of Sheffield photo's courtesy of XP Solutions photo's courtesy of BME Imaging photo's courtesy of bfrss.org.uk

Conclusions 13 of 14slides Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design.

Conclusions 13 of 14slides Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design. Aim: to develop a new decision support system.

Conclusions 13 of 14slides Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design. Aim: to develop a new decision support system. Why green infrastructures? Because they can offer multiple benefits in addition to water management.

Conclusions 13 of 14slides Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design. Aim: to develop a new decision support system. Why green infrastructures? Because they can offer multiple benefits in addition to water management. Quantifying green values with KPIs and monetary measures.

Conclusions 13 of 14slides Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design. Aim: to develop a new decision support system. Why green infrastructures? Because they can offer multiple benefits in addition to water management. Quantifying green values with KPIs and monetary measures. A systematic evaluation framework – a better tool for optioneering.

Conclusions 13 of 14slides Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design. Aim: to develop a new decision support system. Why green infrastructures? Because they can offer multiple benefits in addition to water management. Quantifying green values with KPIs and monetary measures. A systematic evaluation framework – a better tool for optioneering. Integration with multi-objective optimisation – encourage the consideration of multiple benefits.

Conclusions 13 of 14slides Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design. Aim: to develop a new decision support system. Why green infrastructures? Because they can offer multiple benefits in addition to water management. Quantifying green values with KPIs and monetary measures. A systematic evaluation framework – a better tool for optioneering. Integration with multi-objective optimisation – encourage the consideration of multiple benefits. Research outputs for industrial sponsor: new features in their drainage design software suite.

Conclusions 13 of 14slides Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design. Aim: to develop a new decision support system. Why green infrastructures? Because they can offer multiple benefits in addition to water management. Quantifying green values with KPIs and monetary measures. A systematic evaluation framework – a better tool for optioneering. Integration with multi-objective optimisation – encourage the consideration of multiple benefits. Research outputs for industrial sponsor: new features in their drainage design software suite. “Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful.” – Professor George E.P. Box photo's courtesy of Amazon

Acknowledgement 14 of 14slides David Fortune and Netsanet Mebrate XP Solutions Professors Dragan Savić and Zoran Kapelan, University of Exeter

Thank you for your attention Any questions? chow-iahr chow-iahr2013 greenvalues greenvalues xpdrainage xpdrainage XPDrainage Software Demo: Monday (16 th Sep) Afternoon Shanghai

Additional Information: Capital and Operational Expenditure Extraslides

Additional Information: Estimation of Annual Reduced Runoff (m 3 ) Extraslides

Additional Information: Annual Energy Savings Extraslides

Additional Information: Amenity Value of New Habitats Extraslides

Additional Information: Determining Locations - Height Map Extraslides HIGH LOW Natural Flow Pattern (General)

Additional Information: Determining Locations - Deluge Extraslides Natural Ponding

Additional Information: Determining Locations – Site Layout Extraslides Draft site layout based on land value and expected return

Additional Information: Determining Locations – Mimic The Nature Extraslides Mini Sub-catchments Sustainable Drainage Systems Mimicking Natural Flow Patterns

Additional Information: Comparing Multiple Design Options Different design options.Comparing multiple benefits with parallel coordinates. Comparing cost-benefits for different options. Extraslides