Mind Stretcher – copy yellow In India, the chital, a small deer, has trouble finding enough grass to eat during the dry season. This deer relies on a certain type of messy-eating monkey. The deer have good eyesight, hearing, and sense of smell. 1. How do you think the monkeys benefit the deer? 2. How do you think the deer benefit the monkeys? 3. What type of relationship is this? commensalism/mutualism/parasitism

What is symbiosis? What it means: A close, long-term association between individuals of two different species. **One species ALWAYS Benefits!! Literal definition: the act of living together

What are the different kinds of symbiosis? MutualismParasitismCommensalism both organisms benefit one organism benefits one organism is unaffected one organism is harmed

Mutualism: both benefit Example 1: Acacia plant and Ants Ants eat the sweet secretion from the plant. Ants swarm and attack any animal that tries to eat the plant

Mutualism: both benefit Example 2: Moray Eel with Cleaner Fish Moray Eel gets a clean mouth Cleaner Fish gets a meal

Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected Example 3: Cattle with cattle egrets Cattle stir up insects as they eat grass Egrets hang around and eat insects

Mutualism: both benefit Example 4: Clown fish with anemone Clown fish gets protection, nest site, and food. Anemone gets cleaning, protection, and a lure to attract fish

Mutualism: both benefit Example 5: Antelope with Oxbird Antelope gets rid of parasites Oxbird gets a meal

Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed Example 6: Taenia worm in human eye Worm infects human blood stream Human may go blind

Example 7 Fleas and Dogs The fleas use the dogs blood as food. The dog gets bites and sores from the fleas. Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed

1. Clownfish live among the venomous tentacles of a sea anemone. They are protected from predators, and they keep the anemone clean. 2. Barnacles attach themselves to the shells of crabs. The barnacles receive a home. The crab is unaffected. 3.Bees use flower nectar for food, and they carry flower pollen to other flowers, allowing the flower to reproduce. 4. Dutch elm disease is caused by a fungus that grows and feeds on elm trees. The fungus destroys the trees. 5. Orchids grow in tree branches. They receive light, and their roots get water from the air. The tree is not affected. 6. Small mites live on your skin, eating dead skin cells. You don’t even notice. 7. Tapeworms live in the intestines of cats and absorb nutrients from the food cats eat. The cats do not get enough nutrients. 8. Oxpeckers feed on ticks found on a rhinoceros. Oxpeckers get food and the rhinoceros gets cleaned. 9. A flea feeds on a mouse’s blood to the mouse’s detriment.

Exit Ticket List the three types of symbiosis and give an example of each.