Preconditions for Effective Implementation of Anti-Corruption Measures Jane S. Ley Deputy Director U.S. Office of Government Ethics Global Forum V Johannesburg, South Africa, April 2-5, 2007

Respect for Human Rights and Freedoms Real Political Will Appropriate Timing Appropriate Situation Assessment Cooperation Between the Public & Private Sector and Civil Society Drago KOS Chairman, Commission for the Prevention of Corruption (Slovenia), Chairman of GRECO

Prevention Before Repression Graduated Approach Transparency and Openness of the Measures

Overarching Preconditions Political Will Personal Leadership Citizen Participation and Access to Information

Anti-corruption measures must cover-- Prevention Detection Investigation Prosecution

Public Service Accountability Systems Institutional Individual

Institutional Accountability in public administration Transparency of-- Priorities Goals Processes chosen to achieve goals Measures used to judge effectiveness, and Consequences of exceeding, meeting or failing to meet the goals

Individual Accountability in Public Service Publicly announced, fair, understandable standards for official conduct (creates shared expectations) Reasonable consequences for failing to meet standards following fair procedures (can include criminal, civil or administrative sanctions)

Effectiveness requires continual assessment and practical adaptation of anti-corruption measures.