Low Ash Primary School – Calculations policy Addition Strategies: = Counting on in 1s Counting on – partitioning into 10s and 1s = Or > = 33 then = 35 Year 1 Year 2 Counting on – adding nearly numbers - add 9, 11 by adding 10 and adjusting by = 44 As Year 2 but with larger numbers. Extend adding near multiples of 10 to a 2-digit number, e.g Year 3 Pencil and paper procedures = Or = 125 Year 4/5/6 Continue with number line methods and pencil and paper procedures. Extend adding nearly numbers e.g , , , Refine column addition - including larger and decimal numbers =

Low Ash Primary School – Calculations policy Subtraction Strategies: Counting on/back in 1s Year 1 9 – 2 = 7 8 – 5 = Counting on – finding a difference (Extension) 42 – 39 = Year 2 Subtracting nearly numbers – subtract a multiple of 10 then adjust – 9 = Counting back – partitioning into 10s and 1s. 24 – 13 = As Year 2 but with larger numbers. Extend subtracting near multiples of 10 to a 2-digit number, e.g Develop complementary addition (counting on). Year 3 Year 4/5/6 Continue with number line methods for complementary addition, counting back and subtracting nearly numbers. Each year numbers should get larger and include decimals. Once a secure potential level 5 - introduce decomposition – 0.4 = – 5.6= 1.2 Find the difference by counting on. Count back. Count on.

Low Ash Primary School – Calculations policy Multiplication Strategies: 2 x 4 or or 4 x 2 or = 8 Arrays and repeated addition. Year Doubling – using partitioning (Extension) 15 x 2 = X = 30 Or X = 30 Year 3 As Year 2 – use arrays and repeated addition and use known facts to carry out simple multiplications. 32 x 3 = 96 X = 96 Year 4/5/6 Continue with the grid method – each year numbers should get larger or include decimals. 172 x 38 =6536 X After Year 6 Sats introduce standard method. 57 X 9 63 x units 450 x tens 513 Or x 3.9 = 9.36 X Treat as whole numbers, then readjust accordingly including a decimal point.

Low Ash Primary School – Calculations policy Division Strategies: Grouping - There are 6 sweets. How many people can have 2 each? 2046 Division as sharing and grouping. Sharing – 6 sweets are shared between 2 people. How many do they each have? Year 2 Year 3 As Year 2 – continue grouping and sharing – with larger numbers. Remainders – 3 = 5 r1: Year 4 As Year 3. Extend to harder numbers and begin to write out multiples. 1. X 4 = 4 2. X 4 = 8 3. X 4 = X 4 = X 4 = X 4 = X 4 = X 4 = X 4 = X 4 = 40 (40) (80) (120) (160) (200) (240) (280) (320) (360) (400) Use the dot to represent a zero to make it a multiple of – 4 = 24: x 4 4 x x 4 4 x 4 24 x 4 Year 5/6 As Year 4. Extend to larger numbers. Year 5 summer term onwards – children secure with number line and secure potential level 5’s can move on to short division Include questions with remainder and decimal answers. Can reduce to 1, 2, 4, 5, 10 x – 2 = 3: :