Nuclear Fission and Fusion

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Nuclear Chemistry.

Advertisements

Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry

Fundamental Forces of the Universe

Section 2Nuclear Changes Nuclear Forces 〉 What holds the nuclei of atoms together? 〉 The stability of a nucleus depends on the nuclear forces that hold.

Chapter 9 Notes.  While chemical changes involve changes in the electrons (ex : bonding), nuclear reactions involve changes to the nucleus and involve.

Nuclear Fission and Fusion

Nuclear / Subatomic Physics Physics – Chapter 25 (Holt)

Nuclear Fission & Fusion. History: Hahn & Strassman (1939) Bombarded Uranium-235 samples with neutrons expecting the Uranium-235 to capture neutrons Instead,

Nuclear Energy. A. What does “radioactive” mean? 1.Radioactive materials have unstable nuclei, which go through changes by emitting particles or releasing.

Integrated Science Chapter 25 Notes

Radiation: Particles and Energy.

Section 10–4: Fission and Fusion

Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear chemistry is the study of the structure of atomic nuclei and the changes they undergo.

Nuclear Chemistry.

From Isotopes to the sun…. The structure of the atom A=P=E Isotopes Isotopic notation.

Atomic Stability. Isotopes Isotopes are atoms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons in their nucleus. Cu Copper – 63 OR Copper.

NUCLEAR CHANGES CHAPTER 7

Anatomy of an Atom Parts of an Atom Nucleus (positive, mass of 1 amu) Neutron (, mass of 1 amu) Electron Cloud Electrons (, negligible mass)

Chapter 10 Nuclear Changes

Nuclear Power. Locations of Nuclear Power plants in the US.

Chapter 9: Nuclear Changes

Radioactivity SPS3. Students will distinguish the characteristics and components of radioactivity. Differentiate among alpha and beta particles and gamma.

Nuclear Energy. A. What does radioactive mean? 1. Radioactive materials have unstable nuclei, which go through changes by emitting particles or releasing.

Nuclear Radiation > Nuclear Radiation & Transformations.

Section 1Nuclear Changes Section 1: What is Radioactivity?

3-4 Changes in the Nucleus

Nuclear Radiation 9.2. The Nucleus Protons and neutrons Charge of electrons and protons – x C = e –Proton +e –Electron -e.

Radioactivity Nucleus – center of the atom containing protons and neutrons –How are the protons and neutrons held together? Strong Force - an attractive.

Nuclear Chemistry. Forms of Energy The five main forms of energy are: – Heat – Chemical – Electromagnetic – Nuclear – Mechanical.

Nuclear Radiation Half-Life. What is Radiation? Penetrating rays and particles emitted by a radioactive source Result of a nuclear reaction! –Involves.

P. Sci. Unit 12 Nuclear Radiation Chapter 10. Essential Questions 1)Identify four types of nuclear radiations and compare and contrast their properties.

Nuclear Chemistry: The Heart of Matter. 2 Radioisotopes Radioactive decay Radioactive decay – Many isotopes are unstable – Many isotopes are unstable.

7.2 Nuclear Fission and Fusion. Nuclear Fission Why are some elements radioactive? There is an optimal ratio of neutrons to protons 1 : 1 for smaller.

Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Chemistry looks at the number of protons and neutrons in an atom Radioactive Decay = Spontaneous disintegration of a nucleus.

Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 16 Nuclear Radiation 16.6 Nuclear Fission and Fusion.

Nuclear Chemistry. ATOMIC REVIEW: Atomic number = # of protons # of neutrons = mass # - atomic # protons & neutrons are in the nucleus.

10.4 Fission vs. Fusion Distinguish between fission and fusion.

Chapter 10 Nuclear Chemistry.

Nuclear Reactions Fission and Fusion. FISSION The splitting of an atomic nucleus into 2 smaller particles. Animation.

Radioactivity January Recall Isotope Notation Why are some isotopes radioactive? How do you find the number of neutrons? What is alpha, beta, gamma.

What is a nuclear reaction?

Chapter 9 Book Nuclear Changes #20. I. Nuclear Radiation Radioactivity – Nucleus emits one or more particles – Unstable nuclei Unstable – Nuclei has to.

Nuclear Energy SI. A. What does radioactive mean? 1. Radioactive materials have unstable nuclei, which go through changes by emitting particles or releasing.

Nuclear Chemistry Mrs. Stoops Chemistry. Nuclear reactions – Unstable isotopes gain stability by undergoing changes always accompanied by a large energy.

NUCLEAR CHANGES. Nuclear Radiation Radioactivity: process by which an unstable nucleus emits one or more particles or energy in the form of electromagnetic.

Nuclear Chemistry I. Radioactivity A.Definitions B.Types of Nuclear Radiation C.Half-Life.

Section 2Nuclear Changes Section 2: Nuclear Fission and Fusion Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Nuclear Forces Nuclear Fission Chain Reaction Nuclear Fusion.

Aim: Why do fission and fusion reactions release so much energy? Essential Questions : Compare and contrast nuclear fission with fusion. Distinguish between.

P. Sci. Unit 12 Nuclear Radiation Chapter 10. Nuclear Radiation Strong Nuclear force – the force that holds protons and neutrons together. Remember that.

Radioactivity Elements that emit particles and energy from their nucleus are radioactive. Some large atoms are unstable and cannot keep their nucleus together.

Energy Nuclear Fusion, Nuclear Fission, Combustion and Solar Radiation.

Nuclear Fusion and Fission

Nuclear Fission and Fusion Chapter 10.2 Notes. Nuclear Forces Protons and neutrons are tightly packed inside the nucleus Remember that unstable nuclei.

Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay Radioactivity – spontaneous emission of radiation Radiation – rays and particles emitted from a radioactive material.

Fission and Fusion. Nuclear Reactions Two types of nuclear reactions that release energy.  Fission  Fusion.

CLICK HERE TO BEGIN! Directions: Click the term that correctly matches the definition in each question.

Nuclear Fission and Fusion Notes. November 3, 2008 What part of the atom is affected by Nuclear Chemistry? Do you think the benefits of nuclear energy.

Chapter 4 Notes, part IV Nuclear Reactions:  Decay.

Nuclear Chemistry. Review: Parts of the Atom Electron (-) Proton (+) Neutron.

The Atomic Nucleus.

E = mc2 If you can’t explain it simply, you haven’t learned it well enough. Einstein.

Nuclear Reactions.

Nuclear Chemistry.

Harnessing the Power of the Sun

What is a nuclear reaction?

Harnessing the Power of the Sun

Fission & Fusion.

Presentation transcript:

Nuclear Fission and Fusion Chapter 7.2 Mrs. Chilton

Nuclear Stability Some elements have isotopes that are stable, while others are unstable and radioactive Example: C-12 -> stable C-14 -> unstable, radioactive, gives off beta particles Depends on nuclear forces holding nucleus together

Strong Nuclear Force How do like charges act? They repel! So, why does the nucleus with so many p+ stay together? Strong nuclear force – stronger force than electric repulsion, but only over a short distance

Neutrons & Stability Neutrons add to the stability of a nucleus They have no charge, so they do not repel Too many or too few neutrons leads to decay All nuclei with 83 or more protons are unstable

Fission When a nucleus splits into two or more smaller fragments Neutrons and energy are released

Fission -> Chain Reaction One neutron can split the nucleus of an atom As that nucleus undergoes fission, it releases more neutrons which can strike nearby atoms, causing them to split This can cause a chain reaction

Nuclear Chain Reaction

Uncontrolled chain reactions This principle is used in nuclear bombs Two or more masses of U-235 are contained in bomb surrounded by powerful explosive When detonated, fission chain reaction occurs releasing LARGE amount of energy which causes devastation to environment and life forms Fortunately, concentration of U-235 in nature is too low to start a chain reaction, most is more stable form of U-238

Controlled Chain Reaction Not all neutrons released in a fission reaction succeed in triggering fission reaction Materials that absorb neutrons can be used to slow chain reaction Concept is used in nuclear power plants to generate energy

Nuclear Reactor

Fusion Energy can also be obtained when two lighter nuclei fuse together to form a larger nucleus In stars, including our sun, energy is produced when hydrogen nuclei undergo fusion and release TREMENDOUS amounts of energy

Fusion in the Sun Multi-step process where two different isotopes of hydrogen fuse together to form a helium nucleus and energy in form of gamma rays

Dangers of Nuclear Radiation Changes structure of hemoglobin Changes structure of macromolecules in body – health is affected Particles ingested through food can damage linings of organs Destroys bone marrow Lung cancer (Radon gas) Genetic mutation

Beneficial Uses of Nuclear Radiation Smoke alarms –produce alpha particles to create electric current Controlled doses are used to treat some cancers – beams of gamma rays Radioactive tracers Nuclear power – much less pollution, more efficient (waste must be dealt with, though)

Radioactive Waste Disposal