A knowledge-based Assistant for real-time Planning and Execution of PSS Engineering Change Processes Michael Abramovici, Youssef Aidi IT in Mechanical Engineering (ITM) Ruhr University Bochum, Germany 7 th CIRP IPSS Conference Saint-Étienne, May, 22th, 2015

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne1 Outline Current Situation and Requirements The Knowledge-based Engineering Change (EC) Assistant EC Modeling Assistant EC Information Assistant EC Ontology EC Change Engine Conclusion and Future Work

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne2 Engineering Changes (EC)  Technological  Environmental  Economic  Political  Social  …  Technological  Environmental  Economic  Political  Social  … Triggers  Improvement  Corrective  Iteration  Adaptive to new Requirements  …  Improvement  Corrective  Iteration  Adaptive to new Requirements  … Types  Whole product  Component  Software  Service  …  Whole product  Component  Software  Service  … Change Objects The Process of Requesting, Determining Attainability, Planning, Implementing, and Evaluating of Changes to a System Engineering Change Process

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne3 Current Engineering Change Processing Approach EC Process Manager Planning Execution  Fix planned EC Processes for all Changes  Poor Responsiveness to Unforeseeable Events  Delays and exceeded Costs  Changes occur at Provider Side during the Creation Phase  Fix planned EC Processes for all Changes  Poor Responsiveness to Unforeseeable Events  Delays and exceeded Costs  Changes occur at Provider Side during the Creation Phase

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne4 Customer Product-Service-Systems requires a new Engineering Change Processing approachProvider Suppliers Services  Selling “value in use” Instead Simple Products  Shared Value Creation during the Lifecycle of PSS (Provider, Customer, Supplier)  Adaptability of PSS to Changing Boundary Conditions  Selling “value in use” Instead Simple Products  Shared Value Creation during the Lifecycle of PSS (Provider, Customer, Supplier)  Adaptability of PSS to Changing Boundary Conditions Paradigms of PSS Creation Operation  Prompt Reaction to Unpredictable Changes  Consideration of Process Knowledge  Real-time Definition and Execution of Process Activities  Prompt Reaction to Unpredictable Changes  Consideration of Process Knowledge  Real-time Definition and Execution of Process Activities Requirements to EC Processing

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne5 Outline Current Situation and Requirements The Knowledge-based Engineering Change (EC) Assistant EC Modeling Assistant EC Information Assistant EC Ontology EC Change Engine Conclusion and Future Work

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne6 How can EC Process Managers be Supported by real-time Planning and Exection of EC Processes? Change Process Manager What must be achieved? How it could be achieved? Which human Resources are required? Is the Process running smoothly?  Goal-oriented Process Modeling  Adequat Defintion of Activities  Permanent Process Evaluation  Optimal Assignment to human Ressources  Information Aquisition  Goal-oriented Process Modeling  Adequat Defintion of Activities  Permanent Process Evaluation  Optimal Assignment to human Ressources  Information Aquisition A knowledge-based Assistant for Real-time Planning and Execution of PSS Engineering Change Processes Adaptive Change Process

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne7 Adaptability is given by the Distinction between WHAT must be achieved and HOW it is to be achieved  Company Specific Abstract EC Process Model  Hierarchy of Goals  Milestones within the EC Process  Company Specific Abstract EC Process Model  Hierarchy of Goals  Milestones within the EC Process WHAT to achieve? HOW to achieve Goal Subgoal Activity pool  Consideration of the EC Context  Selection of Appropriate Activites  Asignment to Available Ressources

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne8 EC Process Manager EC Process Engine Agile and intelligent Approach to tackle Changing Boundary Conditions

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne9 Outline Current Situation and Requirements The Knowledge-based Engineering Change (EC) Assistant EC Modeling Assistant EC Information Assistant EC Ontology EC Change Engine Conclusion and Future Work

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne10 Goal-oriented Requirement Language (GRL) Description of the Hierarchy of Goals, which are achieved by Execution of an EC Process  Modeling and Reasoning of Goal Structures  Higher Level of Modeling  Integration of Goals, Activities and Roles.  Modeling and Reasoning of Goal Structures  Higher Level of Modeling  Integration of Goals, Activities and Roles.  Contribution  Decomposition (AND, OR, XOR, NOR)  Dependency  Belief  Contribution  Decomposition (AND, OR, XOR, NOR)  Dependency  Belief Relationships

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne11 Goal-oriented Change Process Model

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne12 Outline Current Situation and Requirements The Knowledge-based Engineering Change (EC) Assistant EC Modeling Assistant EC Information Assistant EC Ontology EC Change Engine Conclusion and Future Work

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne13 Document View Activity View Goal View Information Assistant for a better EC Process Understanding (1/4) Actor View

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne14 Document View Actor View Activity View Goal View Information Assistant for a better EC Process Understanding (2/4)

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne15 Document view Actor view Activity view Goal view Information Assistant for a better EC Process Understanding (3/4)

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne16 Actor View Activity View Goal View Information Assistant for a better EC Process Understanding (4/4) Document View

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne17 Outline Current Situation and Requirements The Knowledge-based Engineering Change (EC) Assistant EC Modeling Assistant EC Information Assistant EC Ontology EC Change Engine Conclusion and Future Work

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne18 Ontology for EC Process related Knowledge Description Formal Representation of Knowledge as a Hierarchy of Concepts within a Domain  Description of the Elements and the Context of a Change Process  Knowledge Modeling through Complex Relationships and Rules  Integration of Instance Information  Reasoning Mechanisms Allowing the Generation of Knowledge  Description of the Elements and the Context of a Change Process  Knowledge Modeling through Complex Relationships and Rules  Integration of Instance Information  Reasoning Mechanisms Allowing the Generation of Knowledge  Classes (concepts)  Attributes  Relations  Rules  Axioms  Events  Classes (concepts)  Attributes  Relations  Rules  Axioms  Events Components Classes of the EC Process Ontology

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne19 The Engineering Change Process Ontology

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne20 Example for EC Process Knowledge Description using an Ontology Activity Goal Role Actor Document Contribute to Has role Is executed by Is generated during

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne21 Example for EC Process Knowledge Description using an Ontology Describe Problem Problem Report released Change Initiator Machine Operator Problem Report Contribute to Has role Is executed by Is generated during Describe Problem Problem Report released Machine Operator Problem Report Contribute to Is executed by Is generated during Is generated by Is involved by Reasoned Evidences

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne22 Outline Current Situation and Requirements The Knowledge-based Engineering Change (EC) Assistant EC Modeling Assistant EC Information Assistant EC Ontology EC Change Engine Conclusion and Future Work

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne23 Execution of EC Process Activities Engineering Change Engine Webservice Goal Activity

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne24 Outline Current Situation and Requirements The Knowledge-based Engineering Change (EC) Assistant EC Modeling Assistant EC Information Assistant EC Ontology EC Change Engine Conclusion and Future Work

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne25 Conclusion and Future Work  Modeling of Company Specific Ontology  Validation in the Industry  IT Infrastructures  Modeling of Company Specific Ontology  Validation in the Industry  IT Infrastructures Challenges The proposed EC Process Assistant provides:  Goal-oriented Process Modeling Environment  Ontology for EC Process Knowledge Representation  Permanent Evaluation of EC Processes  Navigation-based EC Process Information Provision  Standard BPEL Workflows for Real-time Execution of Process Activities The proposed EC Process Assistant provides:  Goal-oriented Process Modeling Environment  Ontology for EC Process Knowledge Representation  Permanent Evaluation of EC Processes  Navigation-based EC Process Information Provision  Standard BPEL Workflows for Real-time Execution of Process Activities Conclusion  Integrated IT Solution  Coupling of the Change Ontology to Product Ontologies  Impact and Propagation Evaluation  Integrated IT Solution  Coupling of the Change Ontology to Product Ontologies  Impact and Propagation Evaluation future work

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne26 Prototype PSS Structure Process Goals Available Actors Appropriate Roles Appropriate Activities Appropriate Documents Views Process Goal Decomposition Contribution Process Activity Assigned Actor Reports about Plausibility of Actions

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne27 Contact Dipl.-Ing. Youssef Aidi Ruhr-University Bochum Chair of IT in Mechanical Engineering (ITM) Universitätsstraße 150 D Bochum Tel: Fax: Mail: "It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is most adaptable to change" Charles Darwin

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ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne29 EC process manager

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne30 Information Assistant Modeling Assistant

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ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne32 PSS to Change PSS Changed

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne33 Known Engineering Change Management Approaches PLM ERP Templates

ITM © Dipl.-Ing. Y. Aidi – 7th CIRP IPSS, May, 22th, Saint-Étienne34 Engineering Change Management Needs more Flexibility  Technological  Environmental  Economic  Political  Social  …  Technological  Environmental  Economic  Political  Social  … Triggers  Prompt Reaction to Unpredictable Changes  Consideration of Process Knowledge  Real-time Definition and Execution of Process Activities  Prompt Reaction to Unpredictable Changes  Consideration of Process Knowledge  Real-time Definition and Execution of Process Activities Adaptive Change Process PSS to Change PSS Changed

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