Chinas Economy in the Post-Crisis World Carnegie Endowment, Washington, D.C. Tom Byrne, Senior Vice President, Asia-Middle East Regional Credit Officer, Moodys Investors Service MARCH 17, 2010 Tom Byrne, SVP – Regional Credit Officer for Asia and Middle-East

CHINAS ECONOMY IN THE POST-CRISIS WORLD MARCH, Chinas Rating Story: A Growth and Stability Pact

CHINAS ECONOMY IN THE POST-CRISIS WORLD MARCH, Positive Outlook on Chinas Sovereign Credit Rating (rating action taken in November 2009) »Very low vulnerability to external credit market and financial shocks »High household and corporate savings aid financial and macroeconomic stability »Low, affordable government debt with ample fiscal headroom for domestic shocks »Contingent financial sector liabilities manageable and non-disruptive »Pragmatic and cautious policies have reduced systemic risks What would change the rating up: Maintenance of robust government finances and macroeconomic stability would put upward pressure on the rating. Continued institutional strengthening would improve credit fundamentals over the long-term.

CHINAS ECONOMY IN THE POST-CRISIS WORLD MARCH, Adequately high degree of government debt affordability Chinese Government 10-year Bond Yield

CHINAS ECONOMY IN THE POST-CRISIS WORLD MARCH, Financial Sector Risks: Manageable and Non-disruptive »Banking Sector Industry Outlook changed to stable from negative in January 2010 –Along with 11 other Asian systems, while four remain negative »Entering 2009, the banks had high capital levels, low NPLs and were well provisioned –Last years credit surge will require some capital strengthening, needs vary by bank »No destabilizing deterioration in loan quality despite anticipated rise in NPLs in 2011 »ICBC, CCB and BOC Bank Financial Strength ratings on review for possible upgrade –If positively concluded, these banks BFSRs would rise close the global average »Stress Test: Banks now need more regulatory capital; capital could be depleted under a severe stress test scenario which plays out over a multi-year timeframe.

CHINAS ECONOMY IN THE POST-CRISIS WORLD MARCH, What Could Go Wrong Over The Outlook Horizon A range of concerns, but fears of a boom-bust collapse are exaggerated in the next one to two years. Our primary concern: ….whether the economic stimulus program may lead to the build-up of a significant level of contingent fiscal liabilities…. emerging from provincial- and local government-level finances, and whose off-budget interventions are not well understood and need closer scrutiny. (November 9, 2009 Press Release) Other concerns: Ability to maintain low inflationary expectations Threat to export growth from trade frictions with the US and EU Advancing further institutional development

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