By: Md Rezaul Huda Reza

5Ps for SE Process Project Product People Problem

And pay attention to 5 key aspects-  Process - how we do it  Project - the structures we use to manage it  Product - the things we produce  People - lots of them in various roles  Problem - why we started in the first place

ANSI: American National Standards Institute. Does not itself make standards but approves them AIAA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (e.g. AIAA R Recommended Practice for Software Reliability). EIA: Electronic Industries Association (e.g. EIA/IS-632 Systems Engineering) IEC: International Electro technical Commission (e.g. IEC Functional Safety - Safety-Related Systems) IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society Software Engineering Standards Committee (e.g. IEEE Std Standard for Software Safety Plans) ISO: International Organization for Standardization (e.g. ISO/IEC :1989 Vocabulary-Part 7: Computer Programming)

 CMM: Capability Maturity Model  Developed by the Software Engineering Institute of the Carnegie Mellon University  Framework that describes the key elements of an effective software process.

Maturity level indicates level of process capability: o Initial o Repeatable o Defined o Managed o Optimizing

 Quantitatively expressing requirements, goals, and acceptance criteria  Monitoring progress and anticipating problems  Quantifying tradeoffs used in allocating resources  Predicting schedule, cost and quality

 Historical  Plan  Actual  Projections

 Estimated number of requirements  Actual number of requirements  Estimated source lines of code (SLOC)  Actual SLOC  Estimated number of test cases  Actual number of test cases

 Estimated man-hours to design/code a given module  Actual man-hours expended for designing/coding the module  Estimated number of hours to run builds for a given release  Actual number of hours spent running builds for the release

 Number of issues raised at requirements inspection  Number of requirements issues open  Number of requirements issues closed  Number of issues raised during code inspection  Number of defects opened during unit testing

 Number of defects opened during system testing  Number of defects opened during UAT  Number of defects still open  Number of defects closed  Defect age

 Total number of build failures  Total number of defects fixed for a given release  Total number of defects verified and accepted  Total number of defects verified and rejected

What is CASE?  CASE is a term covering a whole range of tools and methods that SUPPORT SOFTWARE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT CASE Tools and Methods  These tools and methods reduce the load on developers allowing them to focus their skills on other goals  Usable at all stages of the Software Development Life Cycle  Example -  Automating tasks such as code generation and model transformations would take a lot of time for a human developer!

What is Data Modeling?  A method that defines data requirements as data models representing the business processes of the system  These Data Models contain data elements, structure and relationships of a system as well as providing the definition and format for those parts  Models should be considered progressive ‘living’ documents that change with requirements  Basically the foundations that make the system work!

 Conceptual Data Model  Describes the semantics of an organizations entities and represents significant attribute and relationship concepts within the organization  Logical Data Model  Actual implementation of a conceptual data model using a particular data management technology - This may require multiple logical data models to complete  Physical Data Model  Giving the logical data model real-world implementation values

What Is Model and Program Transformation?  Simple Description  Its takes A and produces B using models to perform the transformation  Real Description  Object A conforms to a given meta-model A and produces as output Object B conforming to given meta-model B  Model-Driven Engineering uses the concept of Model Transformation to allow domain-less concepts  Example -  Convert a Text doc to a Word doc – (Abstract example!)

What Is It?  Description  The process of modifying a systems internal structure without changing its external behavior and functionality  Can be thought of as a special type of Program Transformation  Example -  RENAMING A CLASS!

 Refactoring is generally used when there’s a desire to modify code to –  Fit a particular coding style  Improve aspects of the code such as ReadabilityPerformance Coding Structure  Useful for machines to do the work of refactoring software  Comp – ‘1 Second’ to change all class instances in a system  Human – ‘1 Hour’ to change hopefully all instances

UML Modeling Categories  Structural  Takes static aspects of the system such as objects, attributes, methods and the relationships between to form a structure representing the system  Behaviour  The systems dynamic behavior (as if the system was running) is captured using dynamic diagrams including activity, sequence, communication and state machines

 UML is widely used at all cycles of the software life cycle due to its usefulness bringing a system together  UML Programs  Allow creation and modification of modeling diagrams much more efficiently then modeling on paper  Depth can be added to sections Links to other work  Electronic UML can be stored in a central repository allowing all team members to access up-to-date documentation and system design  Transfer of whole or sectional designs possible

 SE - Software Engineering  SEI - Software Engineering Institutes  SQA – Software Quality Assurance  LOC – Line of Codes  CMM- Capability Maturity Model  KPA - Key Process Areas  KP - Key Practices  SLOC – Source Line Of Codes  UML - Unified Modeling Language