National Socialism in Germany HWH UNIT 10 CHAPTER 16.5
The Weimar Republic (1919-1933) The Reichstag Article 48 Proportional Representation The Social Democrats (SPD)
Party Distribution in the Reichstag, 1920
The Spartacist League, 1919 Rosa Luxemburg and Wilhelm Leibknecht
The “Stab in the Back” The Freikorps
The Kapp Putsch, 1920 Led by right-wing veterans Government wouldn’t send in the army Called for a general strike
French Occupy the Ruhr, 1923
Hyperinflation, 1923-24
Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)
The Emergence of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiter Partei or NSDAP) 1919: German Workers Party (DAP) 1920: NSDAP The 25 Points The SA (Sturm Abteilung) or Brownshirts Ernst Röhm
The Beer Hall Putsch, 1923
Peace and Prosperity? Stresemann and “Fulfillment” 1924 1925 1926 1929 Dawes Plan 1925 The Treaty of Locarno 1926 Germany joins the League of Nations 1929 Young Plan GREAT DEPRESSION
Hitler’s Rise to Power Through LEGAL means Nazi popularity May, 1924: 32 seats December, 1924: 14 seats 1924: The Dawes Plan 1929: The Young Plan President Paul von Hindenburg, 1925-32 Symbol of no confidence in the republic GREAT DEPRESSION 1929 No majority in Reichstag, 1930-32 Dominant parties won’t cooperate (SPD, KPD, NSDAP) Article 48 enforced
German Unemployment and Nazi Popularity Unemployment Nazi Seats in Reichstag 1928 650,000 12 1929 1.3 million no elections 1930 3 million 108 1931 4.3 million no elections 1932 5.1 million 230 1933 6.1 million 288
Unemployment, 1930-38
The elections of 1932 and 1933 Hitler runs for president, 1932 Loses, but gets over 30% of the vote Nazis win plurality, 1932 Most Germans voted for parties bent on destroying the republic Coalition with the DNVP Hitler as Chancellor, January, 1933
Consolidation of Nazi Power, 1933 The Reichstag Fire, February, 1933 Elections, March, 1933 The Enabling Act, March 1933 Nazi Domination (Gleichshaltung), July, 1933
Hitler in Power The Führerprinzip
Consolidation of Power 1934: Hindendburg dies 1934: “Blood Purge” of the SA (The Night of the Long Knives) SA Membership 1932: 400,000 1934: 3,000,000 The Gestapo (Geheime Staatspoliezi) Hermann Göring The SS (Schutzstaffel) Heinrich Himmler Antisemitism National boycott, April, 1933
Joseph Goebbels Propaganda Minister
Nuremberg Rally, 1934
1935: The Nuremberg Laws
Kristallnacht, November 9, 1938