Peer-to-Peer Networking

Presentation Introduction Characteristics and Challenges of Peer-to-Peer Peer-to-Peer Applications Classification of Peer-to-Peer architectures Statistics

Introduction Mass content distribution – Inefficient and costly. Commercialization of internet – Mass medium. – Mostly client/server. – Foundation of peer-to-peer: penetration broadband internet, reliability of connections, capacity of user equipment, evolution compression technology, and etc. – Increasing demand for multimedia content. – Conclusion: traditional distribution models under pressure.

Presentation Introduction Characteristics and Challenges of Peer-to-Peer Peer-to-Peer Applications Classification of Peer-to-Peer architectures Statistics

Characteristics and challenges of Peer-to-Peer Peer-to-Peer versus client/server Client/Server: - Easy to manage and control (centralized) - Negative network externalities: a) limited scalability b) expensive distribution model c) danger for bottlenecks and single points of failure

Characteristics and challenges of Peer-to-Peer Sharing resources in Peer-to- Peer manner Partial or full decentralization Self organizing systems depending on the level of decentralization

Characteristics and challenges of Peer-to-Peer Peer-to-Peer versus client/server Peer-to-Peer: - Scalability, decentralization, transient connectivity, cost efficiency, fault tolerance, self organization, resource sharing - Servents -> SERVer + cliENTS - Positive network externalities: additional users = additional resources - Challenges: transient connectivity, security, availability of resources and scalability

Presentation Introduction Characteristics and Challenges of Peer-to-Peer Peer-to-Peer Applications Classification of Peer-to-Peer architectures Statistics

Peer-to-Peer applications Napster Gnutella (Bearshare, Limewire) Kademlia (Overnet, eDonkey) Fasttrack (Kazaa) Bittorrent

Peer-to-Peer applications Communication: IM and Telephony Grid computing Collaborative applications File sharing and content distribution Wireless and ubiquitious peer- to-peer

Presentation Introduction Characteristics and Challenges of Peer-to-Peer Peer-to-Peer Applications Classification of Peer-to-Peer architectures Statistics

Classification of Peer-to-Peer applications Centralized Flooding Document Routing

Classification of Peer-to-Peer applications Centralized structure (e.g. Napster) Degree of decentralization - Centralized - Decentralized - Hybrid Degree of structure - Unstructured - Structured

Classification of Peer-to-Peer applications Napster - Central directory server - Search process via server - Exchange of data occurs in peer-to-peer manner BCD E A Serve r Query D ? Download

Classification of Peer-to-Peer applications + Efficient search + Limited bandwith usage + No per-node state - Central point of failure - Limited scale BobAlice JaneJudy

Classification of Peer-to-Peer applications Gnutella 0.4 (decentralized unstructured) - No centralized component - Node functions: client, server, router, cache and search - Complete self organization

Classification of Peer-to-Peer applications A B C D QH

Classification of Peer-to-Peer applications + No central point of failure + Limited per-node state -Slow searches -Bandwith intesive Bob Alice Jane Judy Carl

Classification of Peer-to-Peer applications Gnutella 0.6 (hybrid unstructured) - Convergence: combining advantages and circumventing the drawbacks of centralized and pure decentralized systems - Introducing hierarchy in the system via super nodes

Presentation Introduction Characteristics and Challenges of Peer-to-Peer Peer-to-Peer Applications Classification of Peer-to-Peer architectures Statistics

Measured Bandwith

Measured Latency

Measured Uptime

Number of Shared Files

Connectivity

Presentation History of p2p networking p2p areas of usage Risks in p2p networking Future of p2p networking

History of p2p networking April 7, 1969: Internet Request for Comments Dec.1979: creation of Usenet Dec. 1987: creation of WWIVnet July, 1999: publication of Freenet protocol Sept.1999: creation of Napster Nov.1999: first release of Direct Connect client

History of p2p networking March : first release of Gnutella September 6, 2000: first release of eDonkey2000 March, 2001: introduction of the FastTrack protocol April, 2001: design of the BitTorrent protocol

History of p2p networking May, 2001: first release of WinMX Peer Network Protocol July, 2001: shutdown of Napster Nov 6, 2001: first release of GNUnet March, 2002: publication of the Kademlia DHT August, 2007: the P4P working group is formed

Presentation History of p2p networking p2p areas of usage Risks in p2p networking Future of p2p networking

p2p areas of usage Home Peer to Peer Networks File sharing Bioinformatics Academic Search engine Military Business P2PTV Telecommunication

p2p areas of usage Home Peer to Peer Networks File sharing Bioinformatics Academic Search engine Military Business P2PTV Telecommunication

p2p areas of usage Home Peer to Peer Networks File sharing Bioinformatics Academic Search engine Military Business P2PTV Telecommunication

p2p areas of usage Home Peer to Peer Networks File sharing Bioinformatics Academic Search engine Military Business P2PTV Telecommunication

p2p areas of usage Home Peer to Peer Networks File sharing Bioinformatics Academic Search engine Military Business P2PTV Telecommunication

p2p areas of usage Home Peer to Peer Networks File sharing Bioinformatics Academic Search engine Military Business P2PTV Telecommunication

p2p areas of usage Home Peer to Peer Networks File sharing Bioinformatics Academic Search engine Military Business P2PTV Telecommunication

P2PTV SopCast TVants TVUPlayer Abroadcasting Zattoo Octoshape

p2p areas of usage Home Peer to Peer Networks File sharing Bioinformatics Academic Search engine Military Business P2PTV Telecommunication

Skype

Presentation History of p2p networking p2p areas of usage Risks in p2p networking Future of p2p networking

Attacks on peer-to-peer networks Poisoning attacks (e.g. providing files whose contents are different from the description, aka "spoofing") Polluting attacks (e.g. inserting "bad" chunks/packets into an otherwise valid file on the network) Defection attacks (users or software that make use of the network without contributing resources to it) Insertion of viruses to carried data (e.g. downloaded or carried files may be infected with viruses or other malware) Malware in the peer-to-peer network software itself (e.g. distributed software may contain spyware)

Attacks on peer-to-peer networks Denial of service attacks (attacks that may make the network run very slowly or break completely) Filtering (network operators may attempt to prevent peer-to-peer network data from being carried) Identity attacks (e.g. tracking down the users of the network and harassing or legally attacking them) Spamming (e.g. sending unsolicited information across the network--not necessarily as a denial of service attack) Distributed Denial of Service (a denial of service that attacks multiple host computers)

Legal controversy Napster shutdown The Piratebay case

Presentation History of p2p networking p2p areas of usage Risks in p2p networking Future of p2p networking

Anonymous P2P P4P File mirroring Encryption

References eertopeer/a/p2pintroduction.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/od/p2pp eertopeer/a/p2pintroduction.htm group.com/downloads/excerpts/Subramani an01.pdfhttp:// group.com/downloads/excerpts/Subramani an01.pdf