Preservation, access and re-use of Research Data The STM view on publishing datasets Presented at the DataCite Summer Meeting 2010 Hannover, 8 June 2010 Eefke Smit, International Association of STM publishers Director, Standards and Technology

2 Context …… increased availability of primary sources of data in digital form has the potential to shift the balance away from research based on secondary sources such as publications, thus positioning data as the central element in the scientific process. (a statement from the Director of the Directorate General for Information Society and Media of the European Commission, 2008) If the raw data doesnt form a central part of the scientific record then we perhaps need to start asking whether the usefulness of that record in its current form is starting to run out. (from a blog called Science in the Open: the-pain-and-embarassment-make-all-the-raw-data-available/ the-pain-and-embarassment-make-all-the-raw-data-available/..let us get back to the days where observational scientists could justify peer reviewed publication primarily on the basis of collection, description and reporting of high quality data sets (usually with some basic level of interpretation.. Quote taken from a discussion paper called The Risk-Reward Basis for Data Publication (marine sciences, 2007) Problem = scientific community does not see online data as publication (from a presentation called: How to motivate scientists to publish data online, Mark J. Costello. June 2008)

3 What do scientist want…….

4 How to locate data ?

5 Where to submit data ?

6 Some numbers….. Preview of Parse Insight Results: Researchers: Only 20 % of researchers share data 40 % have problems sharing it (distrust, legal and privacy issues) But 80 % of researchers like to use data from others…… What publishers do: 70 % of publishers = 90 % of journals accept data and other suppl material 95 % of publishers facilitate linking to datasets Less than 5 % publishers have special facilities for datasets 60 % see the researcher and research institute as the responsible party to maintain and curate datasets

7 What do Publishers currently do…… Instructions to authors in Tetrahedron

8 Supplementary files are linked directly from an articles abstract page.

9 Supplementary files are referenced within the article text and linked via the articles abstract page using the doi.

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11 How do Publishers view research data in the context of IP The Publishing Industry (STM/ALPSP) position is: It is also stated that: …..believe that, as a general principle, data sets, raw data outputs of research, and sets or subsets of that data should wherever possible be made freely accessible to other scholars (Statement from STM & ALPSP, June 2006) ….articles published in scholarly journals often include tables and charts in which certain data points are included or expressed. Journal publishers often do seek the transfer of or ownership of the publishing rights in such illustrations.., but this does not amount to a claim to the underlying data itself..

12 Research data and the Publishers Mission Can we contribute to the data dissemination/retrieval process? Storing, Linking Search, Discovery Can we contribute to research workflows ? Meta-data, collections, ontologies Visualization, mining, etc Can we meaningful contribute to an editorial process for data? Submission processes editorial organization, review Publishers are committed to making genuine contributions to the research communities….. support to the scholarly communication process increased availability of research output increased citations to research output increased overall quality of research develop new means of knowledge discovery increase in the research efficiency

13 Support through the journal networks and publishing platforms General instructions to make available available as supplementary information with the online article Textual references to data repositories & datasets Verbal instructions, limited support by editorial team More granular definition of research data and supplementary information Specific instructions on how, when and where to submit, and how to cite. Specific sustainable destinations for research data Agreed formats & metadata requirements for data submission Expand editorial teams with a data-editor Hyper-linking between articles and (final) dataset destinations and v.v. Federated searching Intelligent (contextual) referencing of datasets in articles Move from…..To………. Note: a successful implementation requires a combination of domain specific and generic solutions

14 working examples……..

15 Vice versa

What Publishers are busy solving Peer review practices Readability, navigation, accessibility, presentation Discoverability: search, metadata, linking, citability Copyright issues Preservation and long term archiving Version control/ dynamic data Access, permissions for re-use Editorial practice and support See joint NISO/ NFAIS initiative:

To make solutions scalable and sustainable, we need: convergence Good collaboration with all stakeholders in the chain: researchers, research instuitutes, safe data repositories, libraries, policymakers Standards and common practice building on what is in place already: from persistent identifiers, citation conventions, to submission guidelines across scholarly journals Scalable solutions that work across disciplines Infrastructure: TiB and DataCite are excellent initiatives to get the right infrastructure in place Willingness in abundance among publishers What we now need is:

18 In conclusion Do Publishers recognise the importance of data publishing YES Can Publishers help to get research data in the open? YES Will Publishers help to improve the discoverability of data? YES …..and YES: Solutions must be scalable & sustainable Existing capabilities should be used as much as possible We need close collaboration across the whole chain of researchers and research communities, libraries and data centres as well as the policy makers...and support DataCite.