Sustainable Waste Management in Cities Dr Washington Nyabeze

Objectives of Presentation to propose some core indicators that can be used to drive cities towards Sustainable Waste Management Helps strengthen partnerships and build trust with local communities, regulators, suppliers and customers. Supports proactive engagement with regulators. Sharpens management’s ability to assess a facility's positive and negative impacts on the environment and society. Provides advance warning of potential liabilities and performance problems, and highlights “triple bottom line” opportunities. Helps a company achieve external value from its environmental management system. Assist with overall organisational sustainability reporting processes. Why have indicators?

Monitoring and Evaluation Why do we need Metrics? Goals and Objectives Inputs National NWMS Indicators Resources Efficiency Baseline Activities Provincial Gauteng IWMP Target Projects % Achievement Priority Gaps GDS 2040 IDP IWMP Outputs City of Johannesburg Measurement Timeframe Significance Risks Effectiveness Outcomes Pikitup Business Plan Impacts Alignment Clear vision and goals Better Communication, more informed stakeholders and improved participation Measurement Understanding what contributes to vision Monitoring and Evaluation Identifying impacts – take corrective action Identifying limits and opportunities Identifying emerging risks – implement interventions Better decison-making, lower risks and costs Achievement Demonstrating results! Continuous Improvement

Main challenges in waste management – need to measure and monitor performance The main challenges in waste management can be found in the following items: Management of different waste streams and effecting changes at the operational level Impacts of waste management practices on people and ecosystems (pollution and health) Waste re-use and disposal (participation, knowledge and technology) Condition of waste management  infrastructure (people, technology, standards) Pricing of waste management services, financing of waste management services, prioritisation of revenue Responses to climate change impacts .

Municipal solid waste for the whole of South Africa 1. Management of different waste streams and effecting changes at the operational level Municipal solid waste for the whole of South Africa Understanding waste composition informs operational requirements and strategies Informs technologies and solutions Impact of strategies can be measured and adjusted Examples of Indicators Number of people/households per region Volume of waste produced at source- tonnes/ month Volume of waste recycled by destination/type- total volume/tonnes of waste /types of waste/destination

1. Management of different waste streams and effecting changes at the operational level Waste streams per activity informs strategies, resources and interventions required (Wet Waste)

COJ population growth Increasing population in confined city area means higher densities and changed urban form Increased households increase consumption and demand on waste services Population counts and growth informs operational strategies and effective service delivery – deployment of resources and equipment Figure 1: City of Johannesburg’s population growth 2001 to 2011 (SA Census 2011). City of Johannesburg experiencing rapid population growth. Population as at 2011 is approximately 4,4 million Population grew by 20.5% between 2001 and 2007 and by 14% between 2007 and 2011 Over the ten year period from 2001 to 2011, COJ Population increased by 37%.

2. Impacts of waste management practices on people and ecosystems (pollution and health) Informs choice of materials, manufacturing, packaging, waste treatment and disposal methods Identification of stakeholders Examples of Indicators Level of cleanliness Quality of water Air quality Number of unmanaged illegal dumping spots Condition of waste dumping sites Condition of waste management  infrastructure (investment, operation and maintenance) Craddle to Grave - provide pictures of infrastructure used in handling waste from generation, separation, re-use….to disposal Changing behaviour and consumption patterns - choices Supply side industry and production

2. Impacts of waste management practices on people and ecosystems (pollution and health) Visibility of litter/waste impacts citizen perception Effectiveness of current operations and resources Informs issues for stakeholder engagement Number of unmanaged waste dumping sites

2. Impacts of waste management practices on people and ecosystems (pollution and health) Number of unmanaged waste dumping spots Condition of waste dumping spots

2. Impacts of waste management practices on people and ecosystems (pollution and health)

3. Waste re-use and disposal (participation, knowledge and technology) Examples of Indicators Number of people/households per region participating in recycling Level of awareness of recycling Quantity of waste re-used/recycled Quantity of gas produced Quantity of waste disposed at landfill Volumes of gas produced Tonnes of waste recycled Separation at Source Materials Recovery Facility

3. Waste re-use and disposal (participation, knowledge and technology)

Waste Tonnages Collected and Disposed Waste collected (tonnes) Activity 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Collected RCR 527,766 691,367 662,883 651,607 646,019 Illegal Dumping 124,278 138,369 259,894 211,228 229,709 Dailies 6,517 2,854 5,564 15,149 17,943 Informal Area 15,728 19,415 24,754 29,126 29,629 Bulk Containers 536 2,600 16,466 43,832 52,159 Street Cleaning 24,895 23,903 66,077 81,685 87,135 Other 366 4,121 2,348 3,426 Garden Waste 60,498 58,349 125,057 118,563 132,110 Waste Collected and Disposed by Pikitup Total 760,218 937,223 1,164,817 1,153,539 1,198,955 Landfill Disposed 1,299,920 1,352,269 1,457,093 1,306,402 1,498,980 Difference (tons) 539,702 415,046 292,275 152,863 300,025 % Difference 41% 30% 20% 11% 25% Waste collected – Annual increase/decrease (%) Activity 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Waste Collected and Disposed by Pikitup Total 23% 24% -1% 4% Landfill Disposed 8% -10% 15%

3. Waste re-use and disposal (participation, knowledge and technology) Volume of gas produced Tonnes of waste recycled

4. Condition of waste management  infrastructure (people, technology, standards) Examples of Indicators Number of people participating in recycling initiatives Effectiveness of technology and functioning status Distance to waste handling sites (Landfill/garden sites/incinerator) Number of waste recycling facilities Condition of landfill and remaining airspace

Conditions of Landfill Sites Goudkoppies Robinson Deep Marie Louise Ennerdale

5. Pricing of waste management services, financing of waste management services, prioritisation of revenue How are waste services actually financed? Property rates Service charges Government operating grant Subsidy from COJ Challenges for Johannesburg Payment for street cleaning Payment for illegal dumping Land fill charges Polluter pays principle: Opportunities for Johannesburg Recyclable materials have a value Pricing of recyclable materials Recycling industry is growing Examples of Indicators OPEX/CAPEX Budget allocation per activity Number of people involved per activity

6. Responses to climate change impacts Examples of Indicators Climate change strategy actions Demand side management Quantity of waste strewn in public areas (garbage counts) A number of environmental challenges that is likely to be aggravated as the economy grows if natural resources are not properly managed and protected. These include: poor air quality with adverse impacts on society; greenhouse gases contribute to climate Change; inappropriate land-use resulting in land degradation; biodiversity loss and damage to terrestrial ecosystems; deteriorating water quality with severe impacts for South Africa as a water stressed nation; and increasing levels of solid waste generation comparable to many developed countries.

Landfills: Management of airspace availability Typical Landfill Airspace (as at Feb 2015) Landfill Geographical area Years left Marie Louise West 6 Ennerdale South 13 Robinson deep Central 7 Goudkoppies 15 Average 9 Note: - No City managed landfills in the North of the City

It’s not all about reporting… Sustainable Waste Management in Cities Why have indicators? It’s not all about reporting… It’s about changing management and business practices “We cannot manage what we cannot measure” “We cannot measure something what we cannot define” “What gets communicated, gets understood” 21

Thank You