WWI was so big, the entire US economy had to be refocused on the war effort (388) –Business & Government work together –Congress gave President Wilson.

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Presentation transcript:

WWI was so big, the entire US economy had to be refocused on the war effort (388) –Business & Government work together –Congress gave President Wilson direct control over much of the economy Fix prices & nationalize war- related industries

War Industries Board (WIB) – Federal agency that regulated the economy –Leader was Bernard M. Baruch –Encouraged companies to use mass production techniques to increase efficiency Set production quotas and allocated raw materials –Under WIB industrial production increased by 20%

Railroad and Fuel Administrations regulated the economy –Fuel Administration: monitored coal supplies and rationed gasoline and heating oil Day-light saving time introduced in 1918 to conserve energy – longer days

War Economy –Wages go up – but makes little difference because price of goods like food and housing go up too –Unions BOOM

Because UNIONS BOOM… President Wilson establishes National War Labor Board in 1918 The War Labor Board said that workers who refused to obey board decisions were given the ultimatum of “WORK OR FIGHT”

BUT….National Labor Board also helps workers –Improved factory conditions –Pushed for 8 hour work day –Enforced child labor ban

FOOD ADMINISTRATION –Set-up by President Wilson Government steps in to help produce and conserve food –Meatless day –Sweetless day

MUST CONVINCE AMERICANS TO.. –Raise money –Support the War

WAR FINANCING: (390) –US spent $35.5 Billion on war Through taxes Selling “Liberty Loans” and “Victory Loans” –Movie stars promote sale of these loans (PROPAGANDA)

COMMITTEE on PUBLIC INFORMATION (CPI) –Propaganda – biased communication designed to influence people’s thoughts and actions – promote the war –George Creel was head of CPI

ANTI-IMMIGRATION HYSTERIA: –Attacks on Germans and those from Austria-Hungary Americans with German names lost their jobs Schools stopped teaching the German language Changed name of food from “hamburger” to “liberty sandwich”

ESPIONAGE & SEDITION ACTS: –FINED OR JAIL TIME FOR INTERFERING WITH THE WAR EFFORT OR SAYING BAD THINGS ABOUT WAR EFFORT OR OUR GOVERNMENT –THEY VIOLATED THE FIRST AMENDMENT

AFRICAN AMERICANS AND THE WAR –W.E.B Du Bois – believed blacks should join the war effort to strengthen class for racial justice –William Monroe Trotter – thought blacks should not support a racist government –Most Blacks supported war

THE GREAT MIGRATION –Large-scale movement of hundreds of southern blacks to northern cities Escape Jim Crow Laws

WHY GREAT MIGRATION 1.Escape racial discrimination in the south 2.More job opportunities in the North

WOMEN IN THE WAR –Took jobs held exclusively by men –Congress passed the 19 th Amendment allowing women to vote; ratified by the state’s in 1920

THE FLU EPIDEMIC –Hurt the economy because people dying which caused a loss of labor –Killed as many as 500,000 Americans