Chapter 14 Investing in Mutual Funds Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc. 14-1

Chapter Objectives Describe the advantages and disadvantages of mutual funds Identify the types of mutual funds Explain how to choose among mutual funds Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc. 14-2

Chapter Objectives (cont’d) Describe quotations of mutual funds Explain the difference between ETFs and mutual funds Explain the difference between segregated funds and mutual funds Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc. 14-3

Background on Pooled Investment Funds Pooled investment fund: an investment vehicle that pools together money from many investors and invests that money in a variety of securities Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc. 14-4

Background on Mutual Funds (cont’d) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc Equity mutual funds: funds that sell units, or shares, to individuals and use this money to invest in stocks Bond mutual funds: funds that sell units, or shares, to individuals and use this money to invest in bonds Balanced mutual funds: funds that sell units, or shares, to individuals and use this money to invest in a combination of stocks and bonds

Background on Mutual Funds (cont’d) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc Money market mutual funds: funds that sell units, or shares, to individuals and use this money to invest in cash and investments that can be converted to cash quickly

Background on Mutual Funds (cont’d) Advantages of Investing in Mutual Funds Provide professional money management Simplify the process of record keeping Mutual funds are available everywhere Allow diversification with a small investment Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc. 14-7

Background on Mutual Funds (cont’d) Disadvantages of Investing in Mutual Funds Management fees and other costs vary substantially among funds Investor has no control over the investments that are purchased and/or sold within the mutual fund Liquidity can be very low Liquidity: the ease with which the investor can convert the investment into cash without a loss of capital Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc. 14-8

Background on Mutual Funds (cont’d) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc Net Asset Value per Share Net asset value (NAV): the market value of the securities that a mutual fund has purchased minus any liabilities and fees owed Any liabilities, such as expenses owed to the mutual fund’s managers, are subtracted to determine the NAV NAV is commonly reported on a per share basis

Background on Mutual Funds (cont’d) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc Open-End versus Closed-End Funds Open-End Funds Open-end mutual funds: funds that sell shares directly to investors and will redeem those shares whenever investors wish to “cash” in

Background on Mutual Funds (cont’d) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc Closed-End Funds Closed-end mutual funds: funds that issue shares to investors but do not redeem those shares; instead, the fund’s shares are traded on a stock exchange Market price per share is determined by the demand for shares versus the supply of shares that are being sold

Background on Mutual Funds (cont’d) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc Load versus No-Load Funds No-load mutual funds: funds that sell directly to investors and do not charge a fee Front-end load mutual fund: mutual funds that charge a fee at the time of purchase, which is paid to stockbrokers or other financial service advisers who execute transactions for investors

Background on Mutual Funds (cont’d) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc Back-end load mutual funds: mutual funds that charge a fee if shares are redeemed within a set period of time Declining redemption schedule: a fee schedule where the back-end load charge reduces with each year an investor holds the fund Fee may be based on the original amount purchased or the value of the fund when it is redeemed

Background on Mutual Funds (cont’d) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc Management Expense Ratio (MER) Management expense ratio: the annual expenses incurred by a fund on a percentage basis, calculated as annual expenses of the fund divided by the net asset value of the fund; the result of this calculation is then divided by the number of units outstanding

Background on Mutual Funds (cont’d) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc Reported Components of MERs Management expenses: investment research, portfolio management, marketing costs, and profit Dealer/adviser compensation: fees paid to advisers and salespeople Administrative costs: transaction processing, client reporting, and audit and legal fees Relationship between Expense Ratios and Performance

Types of Mutual Funds (cont’d) Types of Equity Mutual Funds Growth Funds Focus on stocks that have potential for above-average growth Small Capitalization (Small-Cap) Funds Focus on firms that tend to have more potential for growth relative to larger firms Mid-Size Capitalization (Mid-Cap) Funds: Focus on firms that are more established than small-cap firms Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc

Types of Mutual Funds (cont’d) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc Dividend Funds Focus on firms that pay a high level of dividends Have less potential for high capital gains and exhibit less risk Balanced Growth and Income Funds: Contain both growth stocks and stocks that pay high dividends

Types of Mutual Funds (cont’d) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc Sector Funds Sector funds: mutual funds that focus on stocks in a specific industry or sector, such as technology stocks More risky, as they are less diversified Index Funds: Index funds: mutual funds that attempt to mirror the movements of an existing equity index May not contain every stock in the index

Types of Mutual Funds (cont’d) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc International Equity Funds Focus on firms that are based outside Canada Expenses associated with managing an international equity fund are higher “Global mutual funds” invest in stocks of both foreign firms and Canadian firms Ethical Funds Screen out firms viewed as offensive by some Other Types of Equity Funds

Types of Mutual Funds (cont’d) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc Types of Bond Mutual Funds Canadian Bond Funds High-Yield Bond Fund Global Bond Funds Index Bond Funds

Return and Risk of a Mutual Fund Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc Return from Investing in a Mutual Fund 1.Interest income distributions 2.Dividend distributions 3.Capital gains distributions

Return and Risk of a Mutual Fund (cont’d) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc Trade-off between Expected Return and Risk of Equity Funds

Exchange-Traded Funds Share may of the same benefits of a mutual fund Diversification, economies of scale, and marketability Differences: Do not have a net asset value per share Trade on the stock exchange and have a share price Purchased in real time, whereas mutual funds are purchased at the end of the day Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc

Exchange-Traded Funds (cont’d) Fee Structure Do not have a load structure Initial fee you pay is the brokerage commission for completing the transaction There is an ongoing MER Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc

Exchange-Traded Funds (cont’d) Tax Efficiency Tend to be more tax efficient since there is not as much active trading in an ETF There are many types of ETFs Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc

Segregated Funds Insurance products that are regulated through the insurance legislation of the province in which they are sold Principal Protection Offer a guarantee on your deposits when the contract matures Usually matures 10 years after the date of purchase Deposit guarantee will be between 75 and 100 percent of deposits Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc

Segregated Funds (cont’d) Death Benefit Guarantee Creditor Protection Assessing the Value of Protection Any segregated fund will underperform its mutual fund equivalent as a result of the difference in MERs Up to the individual investor to determine whether the benefits of owning a segregated fund outweigh the added costs Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc