Metabolism Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Chapters 8-10
Warm Up Please complete the chapter 8 pretest you picked up when you came in.
Metabolism and Energy Metabolism Catabolism Anabolism Bioenergetics Energy Kinetic Heat/Thermal Light Energy Potential Chemical Organisms are energy transformers!
Thermodynamics Thermodynamics System vs. Surroundings Isolated System vs. Open System First Law of Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics Second Law of Thermodynamics Entropy (S) Spontaneous (Energetically Favorable) vs. Nonspontaneous Processes
Think-Pair-Share How does the second law of thermodynamics help explain the diffusion of a substance across a membrane? Describe the forms of energy found in an apple as it grows on a tree, then falls, then is digested by someone who eats it. If you place a teaspoon of sugar in the bottom of a glass of water, it will dissolve completely over time. Left longer, eventually the water will disappear and the sugar crystals will reappear. Explain these observations in terms of entropy.
Gibbs Free Energy Free Energy ΔG = free energy of a system -ΔG = spontaneous reaction +ΔG = nonspontaneous reaction ΔG = 0 = Dead Cell (can do no work) ΔG = ΔH – TΔS ΔG = ΔG final – ΔG initial Enthalpy
Gibbs Free Energy Endergonic vs. Exergonic Reactions + ΔG -ΔG + ΔG -ΔG Non-Spontaneous Spontaneous Non-Spontaneous Spontaneous
Warm Up Exercise Glow in the dark necklaces are snapped in a way that allows two chemicals to mix and they glow. Is this an endergonic or exergonic reaction? Explain. In simple diffusion, H+ ions move to an equal concentration on both sides of a cell membrane. In cotransport, H+ ions are pumped across a membrane to create a concentration gradient. Which situation allows the H+ ions to perform work in the system?
ATP and Cellular Work Three Types of Work Chemical Transport Mechanical Energy Coupling Phosphorylated Intermediate
ATP Hydrolysis kh
ATP and Cellular Work
ATP Cycle The body regenerates 10 million molecules of ATP per second per cell!