Silberschatz and Galvin  Chapters 3 and 5 Possible questions –Tracing a given program involving fork, exec, semaphores, and share memory –Wring a simple program using fork, exec, semaphores, and share memory –Solving a synchronization problem using semaphores or monitors.

Silberschatz and Galvin  Chapter 7: Deadlocks Necessary Conditions for deadlock Modeling deadlock using Resource allocation graph Methods for handling deadlock –Deadlock prevention  Methods for preventing deadlocks (preventing hold and wait, preventing no preemption, preventing circular wait) -- Section 7.4 –Deadlock avoidance  Methods for avoiding deadlocks (Resouce allocation graph algorithm, Banker’s algorithm) -- Section 7.5 –Deadlock detection and resolution  Methods detecting deadlocks (Single instance resource type, several instance resource type) -- Section 7.6

Silberschatz and Galvin  Chapter 8 – Main Memory Overlays, physical and logical address space Swapping Memory allocation for processes –Contiguous allocation – advantages and disadvantages – external and internal fragmentation –Paged allocation  Address translation under paged allocation  Page table implementation  Associative registers, Translation look aside buffers  Effective access time calculation  Two level paging scheme  Inverted page table architecture  Sharing pages between processes – adv. Disadv. –Segmentation-based allocation  Address translation under segmentation based allocation

Silberschatz and Galvin  Chapter 9: Virtual Memory What is virtual memory? Demand paging (an implementation of virtual memory) –Page faults, effective access time calculation –Page replacement algorithms  FIFO, Optimal algorithm, LRU, Additional reference bit algorithm, Second chance algorithm – comparison of these algorithms  Counting algorithms –LFU (least frequently used ) –MFU (most frequently used) –Allocation of frames  Issues that need to be taken into consideration for  Different allocation schemes –Fixed, priority-based, equal, proportionate –Thrashing  What is thrashing? Causes for thrashing  Working set model to solve the problem of thrashing  How can program structure contribute to thrashing?

Silberschatz and Galvin  Chapter 10: Mass-Storage Structure Disk Structure –Cylinders, tracks, sector(block) Disk Scheduling –Goal of a good scheduling algorithm –Various scheduling algorithms  FCFS, SSTF, SCAN, C-SCAN, C-LOOK  Performance of these algorithms Reliability –RAID Tertiary storage –Removable disks, WORM disks, Tapes, –Hierarchical storage management

Silberschatz and Galvin  Chapter 11: File System Interface File structures File attributes, operation, types, access methods Device directory Different directory structures –Single level –Two level –Tree Structured –Acyclic graph structured –General graph structured File access protection

Silberschatz and Galvin  Chapter 12: File System Implementation File system –Disk space allocation  Contiguous, linked, indirect,  Mapping under each allocation  UNIX allocation scheme –Free Space management  Bit vector, linked list approach, grouping, counting

Silberschatz and Galvin  Chapter 14 and 15: Protection and Security Domain of protection (14.3) Access Matrix (14.4 ) Implementation of access matrix ( to ) The security problem (15.1) Program threats: Trojan horse, Trap door, logic bomb, stack and buffer overflow, viruses(15.2) System and network threats: worms (15.3.1) Cryptography: Asymmetric key cryptosystem, Symmetric key cryptosystem, RSA cryptography, digital signature. (class notes and section 15.4)

Silberschatz and Galvin  Point distribution Approximate distribution of points for final exam –Chapters 3 and 5: processes, synchronization - 25 points –Chapter 7 : Deadlocks - 15 points –Chapter 8,9: Main memory, virtual memory : 25 points –Chapter 10,11, 12: File system, storage: 15 points –Chapter Security, protection : 20 points (You are allowed to bring in a cheat sheet of size 8 ½ X 11 in.)

Silberschatz and Galvin  Expected Learning Outcome Upon successful completion of the course, one would 1.Have understood the various components of the Operating system 2.Understood memory management 3.Understood process management 4.Understood basic mechanisms for protecting computer resources 5.Understood file system management 6.Understood and applied some OS interfaces for application development.