1 Use of Electronic Resources in Research Prof. Dr. Khalid Mahmood Department of Library & Information Science University of the Punjab

2 Electronic Resources for all steps in research Finding research problem / topic Gathering background literature Collecting data Analyzing data Writing research report Disseminating results

3 Searching Online Resources Search Engines General Meta Scholarly Subject Directories Invisible / Deep Web ETDs Online Databases Online Resources of Pakistan Higher Education Commission

4 General Search Engines Google Yahoo AltaVista FAST Search MSN Search Lycos Excite

5 Google Simple Search

6 Google Advanced Search

7 Meta Search Engines Transmit user-supplied keywords simultaneously to several individual search engines to carry out the search Dogpile Mamma Metacrawler

8 Dogpile

9 Scholarly Search Engines Google Scholar Infomine Librarians Internet Index Intute Pinakes Business Research ISI Web of Science

10 Librarians Internet Index

11 Subject Directories Also called Information Gateways and Virtual Libraries Yahoo Directory Google Directory Librarians Internet Index About.com Infomine The WWW Virtual Library Specialized Subject Directories Abi Logic Solid Crawler Academic Info SOSIG - Social Science Information Gateway

12 Yahoo Directory

13 Invisible Web / Deep Web Content on the Web that is not found in most search engine results Complete Planet Internets The Invisible Web Catalog

14 Complete Planet

15 Electronic Theses and Dissertations - ETDs Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations Catalog of theses and doctoral dissertations contributed by some 176 universities and 27 institutions worldwide Proquest Dissertations & Theses Database Worlds most comprehensive collection of dissertations and theses with over 2.3 million titles

16 Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations

17 Online Databases Bibliographic databases ERIC, Agricola, Medline, EconLit, PsychINFO Numeric databases Stat-USA, UN Common Database Full text databases ScienceDirect, Emerald, JSTOR

18 ERIC Database

19 Science Direct Database

20 HEC – Online Resources National Digital Library Over 30 databases with over full text journals Accessible by 250 institutions in Pakistan Over 40,000 e-books Links to open access resources Pakistan Research Repository Full text of over 1200 Pakistani doctoral theses

21 HEC – National Digital Library

22 Pakistan Research Repository

23 Online Searching Techniques Boolean Operators Phrase Searching Truncation / Wildcard Searching Proximity Searching Focusing / Limiting a Search

24 Boolean Operators AND OR NOT Boolean operators allow you to join terms together, widen a search or exclude terms from your search results. This means you can be more precise in locating your information.

25 Boolean Operators at Emerald

26 Phrase Searching It narrows your search down by searching for an exact phrase or sentence. It is particularly useful when searching for a title or a quotation. Usually quotation marks are used to connect the words together. For example Towards a healthier Scotland

27 Truncation / Wildcard Searching These search techniques retrieve information on similar words by replacing part of the word with a symbol usually a * or ?. However, different databases use different symbols, so check what is used. In truncation the end of the word is replaced. For example physiother* will retrieve physiotherapy, physiotherapeutic, physiotherapist and so on. In wildcard searching, letters from inside the word are replaced. For example wom*n will retrieve the terms woman and women.

28 Proximity Searching It looks for documents where two or more separately matching term occurrences are within a specified distance, where distance is the number of intermediate words or characters For example Term A NEAR Term B Term A ADJ Term B

29 Focusing / Limiting a Search There are many ways to focus your search and all search tools offer different ways of doing this. Some of the ways of limiting your search are as follows: Date Language Place Publication type Age groups Type of material e.g. you could just need to find case studies

30 Thanks for your patience