Democratizing the DBQ A System-wide Approach to Historical Thinking and Writing in Grades 4-12 Jackie Migliori

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3) 2) 1) 4) 5) 6) 7)

S B B S S U B

© 2010 Learning Sciences International What words would you choose from this essay to teach one or more of the following? Word Parts Context Clues Idioms or Figurative Language

Word Parts: “Commun/ism” Figurate Language: “iron curtain” Word Parts: Counter/parts

1.Building Academic Vocabulary (5-10 words per week) 2.Number Paragraphs (Text preview) 3.Coding the Text (i.e. Strengths/Weaknesses) 4.Read aloud (Model Fluency) 5.Think aloud (Model thought process) 6.Word Parts (prefix, suffix, root words, compound words) 7.Context Clues (Signal Words & Multiple Meanings Words) 8.Idioms/Figurative Language

Part One: Defining Key Terms Part Two: Identifying the Task

Example #1 Example #2 Example #3

Document Analysis 1.What do you see? 2.Where did it come from? 3.What does it mean? –Inferences –Main idea 4.How does this help answer the question? 20

D Various Sources Various None x Post 1963 US aids in Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba Soviets installs missiles in range to hit most of eastern U.S. U.S. quarantines Cuba Soviets pull Missiles out and U.S. pulls missiles out of Turkey Cuban Missile Crisis Map and Timeline Soviets don’t want another Bay of Pigs invasion US and Soviets almost have military conflict over Cuba Compromise was found Cuban Missile Crisis almost ended in war One example of containment occurred when the U.S. forced the Soviet Union to pull its missiles out of Cuba in Cuba

© 2010 Learning Sciences International

© 2010 Learning Sciences International

1 Strengthen Democracies Waging Proxy Wars Arms Race A B C

1 The Berlin AirliftCuban Missile Crisis The Korean War B C D

Containment is clearly demonstrated in the following events: the Berlin Airlift, the Korean War, and the Cuban Missile Crisis.

EVIDENCE

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CLAIM

EXPLAINS HOW EVIDENCE TIES BACK TO BABY THESIS

41 DBQ Reflection: Student Essays How will your teachers provide formative feedback to advance their students’ writing?

FCAT 2.0 Types of Reading Texts Types of Literary TextTypes of Informational Text Fiction Short Stories Poetry Historical fiction DBQs Fables make these Folk tales, tall tales types of texts Legends accessible and Myths relevant to Fantasy students Drama Excerpts from longer works Nonfiction Biographical & autobiographical sketches Diaries, memoirs, journals & letters Essays (personal and classical narratives) Critiques Primary Sources/Nonfiction Historical documents (e.g., Bill of Rights) Essays (e.g., informational, persuasive, analytical, historical scientific) Letters, journals, diaries Secondary Sources/Nonfiction Magazine articles Newspaper articles Editorials Encyclopedia articles Functional Materials Consumer documents (e.g., warranties, manuals, contracts, applications) How-to articles Brochures, flyers Schedules Web pages

Based on Florida’s Grade 9-12 American History standards Civil War and Reconstruction through Present Questions based on historical documents will be included Multiple choice only, multiple forms to be given Entirely computer based, except for students with pertinent IEPs or 504 plans Florida’s United States History End-of-Course Examination

How The DBQ Project DBQs Meet the Common Core Standards The DBQ Project DBQs and MiniQs TM integrate skills with content in history. Historical content is embedded in a pedagogy called The DBQ Method TM that helps students learn to read, think and write. As a result, our lessons address most all of the common core standards in reading, writing, speaking and listening, and several standards in language. The DBQ Method helps students read with understanding, think critically, and write clearly about history.

LCS Teaching American History District-Wide findings for students who completed 3 DBQs prior to 2011 FCAT 2011 FCAT Results 4 th grade5 th Grade Students Scores CompletersNon-completersCompleters Non-completers FCAT Reading 81.4 % at level 3 or above 66.2% at level 3 or above 83.2% at level 3 or above 67.4% at level 3 or above Florida Writes 90.6% at level 4 or above 65.7% at level 4 or above n/a

© 2010 Learning Sciences International

© 2010 Learning Sciences International