Sensor Technology for Civil and Mechanical Systems (STCMS) Shih-Chi Liu, Program Director (703)

The 4 th International Conference of Earthquake Engineering, Taipei, 10/06 Engineering: Culture, Tradition, and Diversity

What Do We Do? Research Teaching Practice

As an Engineer… What do we do? -- Research, Teaching, and Practice What is the nature of our work? -- Analysis & Design (> 80%)

Directorate for Engineering FY 06 Budget Assistant Director Richard Buckius Assistant Director Richard Buckius Senior Advisor Nanotechnology Senior Advisor Nanotechnology Office of Industrial Innovation OII (SBIR/STTR) Office of Industrial Innovation OII (SBIR/STTR) Bioengineering & Environmental Systems BES Bioengineering & Environmental Systems BES Civil & Mechanical Systems CMS Civil & Mechanical Systems CMS Chemical & Transport Systems CTS Chemical & Transport Systems CTS Engineering Education & Centers EEC Engineering Education & Centers EEC Electrical & Communications Systems ECS Electrical & Communications Systems ECS Design & Manufacturing Innovation DMI Design & Manufacturing Innovation DMI Bruce Hamilton ($46.53M) Warren DeVries ($58.25M) Kesh Narayanan ($102.87M) Geoffrey Prentice, Acting ($63.06M) Adnan Akay ($80.28M) Usha Varshney ($64.95M) Gary Gabriele ($134.81M) Mike Roco NSF: $5,581.17M ENG: $575.38M

NSF Operation Guiding Principles:  People  Ideas  Tools

Five Pillars of Scholarship

NSF Earthquake Hazard Mitigation EHM Historical Milestones Program Annual Budget Northridge Loma Prieta Newmark NEHRP Report 14.0 M 18.0 M 8.0 M San Fernando 2.0 M 0.5 M Alaska US-Japan Large-Scale Testing Program US-PRC Protocol Annex III US-Taiwan

New Structural System Design Structures Mostly Non-Engineered Moment Resisting Frames Shear Walls Rigorous Bldg Codes Development for Steel, R/C & Masonry Bldgs Braced Frames, Reinforced Masonry Precast/Prestressed & Composite/Hybrid Systems Future—Smart Structures

US-Taiwan Cooperation 1978—US Group Visit (ST Mau & Penzien) Newmark, Clough, Jennings… * Penzien spent one yr at NTU *Feitzui Dam study (Clough/Mau, Penzien) * Kaohsiung Cross-harbor Tunnel (Penzien) * SMART Array (Bolt/Penzien/Tsai/Mau) *Workshops

US-Taiwan Cooperation (Cont) Chi-Chi EQ * Int’l WS in Taichun (NSC sponsored) (Liu & 12 US & foreign researchers) * NSF initiated an one-yr initiative * US EQ Engr Centers approached NSC & NCREE to initiate center-to-center research—but not much has happened

When I was Young (1978)

EASTERN & WESTERN CULTURE Family value Individual value Personal level Business manner Traditional Less traditional Verbal Commitment Written contract Sharing of wealth Self-sufficient Long-term gain Short-term gain Balanced Centralized

Balance & Harmony “Shoveling Manure For a Day is an Excellent Counterbalance to Intellectual Work.” -Baruck Blumberg Director, NASA Institute of Astrobiology 1976 Nobel Prize in Medicine

Balance & Harmony Examples of Yin and Yang Shade Sunshine Hidden Exposed Earth Heaven Moon Sun Female Male Inward-looking Outgoing Closed Open

Moore’s Law – Revisited year log (people per computer) Number Crunching Data Storage productivity interactive streaminginformation to/from physical world Mainframe Minicomputer WorkstationPCLaptop PDA spatial & temporal fidelity We are on the verge of a vast increase in the spatial & temporal fidelity at which we instrument & analyze the physical world.

Sensors & Sensing Systems Sensing Systems: Sensors & Assoc electronic or optical processing that make the measurement usable Smart Sensors: Sensors to have self calibrating and self diagnosis capabilities

Hybrid Autonomic Fly Trap epidermis vein Parenchyma cells epidermis Sensing hair K+K+ expand H2OH2O H+H+ Insect touches the antenna located in the middle of leaf. Rapid closure of the leaf trap the insect. Cross-section view before the leaf motion. After the leaf motion. (Courtesy of Profesor M. Taya)

Bio-Inspired Engineered Systems A. Kobayashi ( SiO 2 Au Materials Nature 424: 853 (2003) Optic s Sensors (Self-Assembled) Structures Autumn et al. Nature (2000) Catalysis

Sensors and Sensor Networks Initiative FY $45M FY 2004 –~$39M FY 2005 –-$30M

Program Metrics No. of Proposals No. of Awards Success Rate (%) Dwell Time (months) Proposals # doubled, but funding rate is decreasing.

Opportunity in Sensors Research Sensors for the Detection of Explosives $20 million Credit: Mete Sozen and Julio Ramirez, Purdue University School of Civil Engineering

Future Trends MULTIPLE HAZARD SOL’N s TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS --information technology --new materials & new systems --wide use of sensors, actuactors, etc -- autoadaptive media TRADITIONAL & NONTRADITIONAL APPROACHES

TEACHING  Generous time for students  Continuous curriculum updating  Knowledge transfer across the lines & out of the box  Enable students to search and innovate on his own  Concurrent teaching & learning  Cultivating & mentoring  Creating opportunities enabling students to mature  ……… Bottom Line: How many high-quality students has the teacher graduated?

Who are good teachers here today?  All of you are! In Particular: --Mete Sozen,….. --Tomizuka --Joe Penzien

The Best Teacher Ever? The God-- as a teacher  He has taught for K’s/M’s of years  He has had millions of students all over the world  Except a few, most students were loyal to Him  He reaches out to students of all geographic locations, all genders, all races, all ages, and rich and poor

WHY GOD NEVER REC’VED TENURE AT ANY UNIVERSITY? oHe had only one major publication oIt was in Hebrew oIt had no reference oIt wasn’t not published in a refereed journal oSome doubt he wrote it Himself oHe may have created the world, but what has He done since? oThe scientific community can’t replicate His results

WHY GOD NEVER REC’VED TENURE AT ANY UNIVERSITY? (Cont.) oHe rarely come to class and just told students: “Read the Book” oSome say He has his son teach the class oHe expelled His first two students oHis office hours were irregular and sometimes held on a mountaintop oAlthough there were only 10 requirements, most students failed

The World Forum on Smart Materials and Smart Structures Technology (SMSST ’ 07) May 22-27, 2007 Chongqing & Nanjing, China

Hosts Chongqing Nanjing

China

Time to Toast Again Questions?

Useful Web Addresses National Science Foundation: Civil & Mechanical Systems: Grant Proposal Guide: FY2004 Guide to Programs: Sensors and Sensor Networks (FY2004 version): Mathematical Sciences: Innovations at the Interface with the Sciences and Engineering (FY2004 version): Program Officers (Dynamic Systems, Modeling, Sensing and Control) –Dr. Shih-Chi