Motion Distance, Displacement Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration.

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Presentation transcript:

Motion Distance, Displacement Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration

Tools to Describe Motion w Language (Text) w Diagrams and Maps (Figures) w Measurements (Variables) w Tables, Graphs and Charts (Organizers) w Equations (Mathematics)

Distance (d) & Displacement (∆x) w Is a measure of the length of the path of a moving object. w Is a scalar, since it has no direction. w Units: Meters w Is a change in position of the object and is a measure of the direct distance from start to finish. w Is a vector, since it has direction.

Motion w Motion is a change in position relative to a frame of reference w Speed is the distance traveled in a given amount of time

Types of Speed w Constant Speed: Is when speed stays the same. The ratio of d/t is always constant. w Changing Speed: Is when speed changes, the ratio d/t is not a constant w Instantaneous Speed: Is the speed at that moment. Ex. Speedometer reading. w Average Speed: Is total distance / time

Units for Speed w The units for speed: w meters/second (m/sec) w kilometers/hour (km/hr) w Miles per hour (mph) is a non metric unit of speed.

Average speed w Total distance divided by the total time w Formula:

Velocity w Speed in a given direction w Velocities in the same direction combine by adding w Velocities in different directions combine by subtracting

Interesting facts w Rockets are launched in the same direction of the earth’s rotation to get an extra boost of 1800 km/hr to its speed w Likewise airplanes takeoff in the direction of the wind and land against the wind.

Questions (Bell ringer) w What is a frame of reference? w Why do we call it so? w What is the most common frame of reference? w What is the frame of reference for the sunset?

Frames of Reference (Answers) w It is the object or point from which movement is determined. w Since movement is relative to an object that appears to be stationary. w Earth is the most common frame of reference. w The earth.

Questions (Bellringer) w What is motion? w What is speed? How is it calculated? w What is average speed?

Questions (Bellringer) w How is velocity different from speed? w Which two factors determine an object’s velocity?

Acceleration w The change in velocity w Acceleration is measured in m/sec/sec or m/sec 2 w Formula is: w (final velocity - original velocity)/time

Deceleration vs. Acceleration w A decrease in velocity is deceleration NOT negative acceleration, which is acceleration in the negative direction. w A distance-time graph for acceleration is always a curve

Centripetal Acceleration w Acceleration directed toward the center of circular path

Questions w What is acceleration? w What is the shape of a distance-time graph for acceleration? w What is centripetal acceleration?

Momentum w Momentum is equal to the mass of an object times its velocity w momentum= mass x velocity

Conserving Momentum w The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum is NOT lost, only transferred

Questions w What is momentum? w What happens to momentum as the mass of a moving object increases? w What is the formula for momentum? w What is the law of conservation of momentum?