08.09.2011 Report from WP 11: Collimator Materials for Fast High Density Energy Deposition (ColMat-HDED) Jens Stadlmann (GSI) on behalf of Adriana Rossi (CERN) and Alessandro Bertarelli (CERN) EuCARD2 – 5th Steering Committee Meeting Frankfurt, Germany – 2 October, 2013

Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN Outline WP11 Task Status WP11.1: Coordination and Communication WP11.2: Material Testing for Fast Energy Density Deposition and High Irradiation Doses WP11.3: Material Mechanical Modelling Upcoming Activities and Summary EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

ColMat-HDED collaboration ColMat-HDED partners Partnership agreement with CERN (KN2045) Main founding to Kurchatov lab. From CERN Collimation Project Complementarity with irradiation tests at BLN, different energies and additional materials tested . Glidcop, Molybdenum, CuCD, MoGr BNL Features: Irradiation with proton beam at 200 MeV Indirect water cooling and T~100°C (samples encapsulated with inert gas) Thermo-physical and mechanical characterization for fluence up to 1020 p/cm2 Possibility to irradiate with neutrons (simulate shower on secondary coll.) Collaboration CERN with US-LARP

Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN Outline ColMat-HDED collaboration WP11 Task Status WP11.1: Coordination and Communication WP11.2: Material testing for fast energy density deposition and high irradiation doses WP11.3: Material mechanical modelling Upcoming Activities and Summary EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

WP11 Tasks and Deliverables Work Package subdivided in 4 Tasks Coordination and Communication (A. Rossi and J. Stadlmann) Material testing for fast energy density deposition and high irradiation doses (A. Bertarelli) Material mechanical modelling (A. Bertarelli) Material Specification (A. Rossi) 4 Main Deliverables EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

WP11 Tasks and Deliverables Deliverables and Milestones Achieved! Ongoing EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN Outline WP11 Task Status WP11.1: Coordination and Communication WP11.2: Material Testing for Fast Energy Density Deposition and High Irradiation Doses WP11.3: Material Mechanical Modelling Upcoming Activities and Summary EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

Task 11.1: Status and Next Events Novel materials presented at the 9th Tungsten, Refractory & HardMaterials Conference (Orlando – May 18-22, 2014) Upcoming: WP11 – Collimator Materials for High Density Energy Deposition – 2nd Annual Meeting Proposed dates: Thursday and Friday 4th and 5th of December 2014 Location: GSI, Darmstadt, DE EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN Outline WP11 Task Status WP11.1: Coordination and Communication WP11.2: Material Testing for Fast Energy Density Deposition and High Irradiation Doses WP11.3: Material Mechanical Modelling Upcoming Activities and Summary EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

Task 11.2: Status and Next Events Main goal for Collimation (relevant to WP11): Design, build and install in the LHC a prototype of HL-LHC Secondary Collimator embarking novel advanced materials – 2016 Current design permits a late choice of the active jaw material TCSPM Jaw Courtesy of L. Gentini Glidcop back-stiffener Final validation of design and material choice through beam irradiation tests: Long-term effects: Low/Medium energy (up to 1.14 GeV) at GSI, NRC-KI, BNL Short-term effects: High energy (440 GeV): CERN HiRadMat facility Glidcop or Mo Housing Make a distinction of what does who, why it is complementary to have different sources. Glidcop clamps Novel composite blocs Brazed cooling circuit EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

Task 11.2: Irradiation Tests at GSI Irradiation campaigns at GSI: Feb-Mar 2014: 238U:1.14 GeV, 0.5 ms, 0.6 Hz, 4x109 ions/cm2s 208Bi: 1 GeV, 0.5 ms, 3.4 Hz, 1.2x109 ions/cm2s CuCD, CFC (2 orientations), MoGr (MG 3110P, 2 orientations, samples not annealed) irradiated with fuences up to 1e14 ions/cm2 July 2014: 197Au: 945 MeV, 40 Hz, up to 2x109 ions/cm2s C: 11.4MeV/u, 5x109 ions/cm2s Online monitoring of sample temperature with a thermal camera – acquisition rate 2 kHz Make a distinction of what does who, why it is complementary to have different sources. EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

Task 11.2: Irradiation Tests at GSI Large amount of data gathered during the first two irradiation campaign on C/C, CuCD, MoGr; data analysis on-going Preliminary results anticipate good behaviour of CuCD Several measurements still to be performed on irradiated samples, however preliminary results provided valuable contribution for MoGr: 1st campaign: “as-received” MoGr. Samples deformed during irradiation at high fluence 2nd campaign: irradiation of heat-treated MoGr (annealing at 1150˚C / 1300˚C - 4 hours). Lower deformation on samples treated at higher temperature. Make a distinction of what does who, why it is complementary to have different sources. Deformation of “as received” samples at different fluencies Temperature on the samples during irradiation EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

Task 11.2: Irradiation Tests at GSI Observed deformation is possibly due to the release of internal stresses cumulated during material sintering A high-temperature, slow treatment prior to irradiation relieves the internal stresses Beneficial effects substantially improve with HT temperature October 2014 campaign (on-going): Irradiation with Sm ions MoGr samples treated @1800˚C for 50 min prior irradiation! Treatment possible also on larger blocs (e.g. active jaw inserts) November 2014 and beyond: High-energy laser irradiation Same or improved thermal treatment as 3rd campaign, on the basis of previous results Make a distinction of what does who, why it is complementary to have different sources. EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

Task 11.2: Irradiation Tests at BNL 2013/2014 Runs 200 MeV proton irradiation @BLIP Irradiations conducted during 2013 (4.5 weeks) and 2014 (3 weeks) Spallation neutron irradiation @ BLIP Beam time: 7th March – 31st July 2014 28 MeV proton irradiation @ Tandem E. Quaranta (CERN PhD Student) currently participating to measurements and data analysis at BNL Make a distinction of what does who, why it is complementary to have different sources. EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

Task 11.2: HiRadMat 23 Experiment Final material choice on the basis of the material resistance to particle beam impacts HRMT23 test (approved by HiRadMat Scientific Committee): “Assess impact consequences on jaws components after intense proton irradiation” Three superposed collimator jaws in one tank Experiment main goals: Determine the threshold of damage of the jaw materials Integrally test under LIU/SPS beam train HL-LHC collimator jaws Jaws equipped with embarked instrumentation for online acquisition Special tank equipped with viewports for optical remote acquisition (LDV and high-speed camera) EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN Task 11.2: HiRadMat23 test Tests currently scheduled in spring 2015 Jaw materials envisaged: Molybdenum-Graphite Copper-Diamond Carbon-fiber-reinforced Carbon AC-150K EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN Outline WP11 Task Status WP11.1: Coordination and Communication WP11.2: Material Testing for Fast Energy Density Deposition and High Irradiation Doses WP11.3: Material Mechanical Modelling Upcoming Activities and Summary EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

Task 11.3: Status and Next Events Several tests performed in 2014 for the thermo-mechanical characterization of novel materials CERN: Thermal characterization with advanced machines recently purchased (Differential Scanning Calorimeter, Dilatometer and Laser-Flash) Quasi-static mechanical measurements of the elastic matrix and the elasto-(pseudo)plastic material behaviour Politecnico di Torino: State-of-the-art dynamic tests of the material hardening/softening as a function of strain, strain rate and temperature (Hopkinson bar setup) All data acquired are being used to build the material models for the numerical simulation of particle beam impact against collimator jaws EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

Task 11.3: Measurements at CERN Laser-Flash Temperature range: Troom up to 2000 ˚C (lower limit -180 ˚C with ad-hoc setup) Laser-Flash: thermal diffusivity, specific heat and thermal conductivity Dilatometer: Coefficient of thermal expansion MoGr thermal conductivity up to 770 W/m/K (Twice pure Cu!!) MoGr // fibres MoGr ⊥ fibres EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

Task 11.3: Measurements at CERN CTE measurements: measurements performed in the two directions, after heating/cooling cycles Dotted lines: CTE Continuous lines: linear expansion Excellent thermo-mechanical stability of MoGr CTE~1E-6 K-1 between Troom and 2000˚C! Dilatometer MoGr // fibres, CTE MoGr ⊥ fibres, CTE EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

Dynamic tensile/compressive tests on Molybdenum Task 11.3: Tests at PoliTo Within EUCARD2 to improve testing facilities a new high speed camera and a VISAR were acquired 2 high speed video cameras (max 1 Mfps) and 1 VISAR (Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector), PVDF sensors Dynamic tensile/compressive tests on Molybdenum EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

Task 11.3: Numerical Simulations at CERN From material characterization… …to numerical modelling and beam-impact response advanced simulations Temp (˚C) Molten region! Temp (˚C) MoGr jaw, 6.4E13p @440GeV Tmax<Tmelt(2540˚C) CuCD jaw, 6.4E13p @440GeV Tmax>>Tmelt(1083˚C)!! EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN Outline WP11 Task Status WP11.1: Coordination and Communication WP11.2: Material Testing for Fast Energy Density Deposition and High Irradiation Doses WP11.3: Material Mechanical Modelling WP11.4: Material Specification Upcoming Activities and Summary EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

Summary and Perspectives WP11 is successfully continuing on the work path defined at 1st Annual Meeting. 2nd Annual Meeting planned for early December at GSI. Very intense and challenging program, driven not only by EuCARD2 deadlines but also by “hard” machine-related constraints (full LHC Collimator with new materials to be installed around 2016 …). 1st Milestone (Irradiation of first samples) completed. Preliminary results show good behavior of CuCD and provided valuable input for MoGr development (high temperature annealing introduced to remove residual stresses). Excellent progress towards milestones 2 and 3. MAT-X workshop at GSI in November 2014 Material development and characterization continued: outstanding thermo-physical properties measured and confirmed at CERN. Additional significant contributions from PoliTo and BNL. Comprehensive experiment to test full-scale HL-LHC collimator jaws at HiRadMat approved and expected by Spring 2015. EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Thank you for your attention!

Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN Task 11.3: Tests at PoliTo Light Gasgun for Taylor, flyer-plate and ballistic impacts tests Within EUCARD2 to improve testing facilities a new high speed camera and a VISAR were acquired 2 high speed video cameras (max 1 Mfps) and 1 VISAR (Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector), PVDF sensors Courtesy of L. Peroni EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN Task 11.3: Tests at PoliTo 2 Grades: Mo1 (Plansee) Mo2 (AT&M) Metals produced via powder technology could exhibit brittle behaviour especially at high strain-rates probably due to the change of failure mechanism between ductile damage and trans-granular fracture. These aspects must be deeply investigated. Brittle failure in high strain-rate tensile tests (over 103 s-1) High Strain-rate sensitivity Courtesy of L. Peroni EuCARD2 SC Meeting – 02.10.2014 Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN