SAFTA: Tariff and Other Measures to Enhance Integration Dr Zafar Mueen Nasir Chief of Research Pakistan Institute of Development Economics
Outline Importance of regional economic integration in South Asia Factors which have so far hampered economic cooperation in the region Future course of action
Regional Economic Integration Regional and bilateral trade agreements (make up almost 40 percent of total world trade) −Trade Creation more competition, efficient allocation of resources, better productivity, enhanced economic growth more competition, efficient allocation of resources, better productivity, enhanced economic growth −Institutionalization of policy reforms improved policy credibility improved policy credibility −Stepping stone to multilateral trade liberalization −Enhanced regional security
Impediments to Regional Integration in South Asia Restrictive trade policies −Protective taxes and import duties −Complicated custom procedures Similar comparative advantage & lack of trade complementarities
Impediments to Regional Integration in South Asia (cont.) Political problems Lack of regional transport network & Transit system −High handling and transport charges
Measures to Enhance Economic Cooperation Confidence-building Measures –India and Pakistan must lead the way –easing of travel and visa restrictions –Opening up of bilateral trade beyond what is covered by SAPTA, though initially on a limited scale –Create awareness about the potential benefits
Measures to Enhance Economic Cooperation (cont.) Reform and harmonize trade policies to create a level playing field for stakeholders — Collective actions to lower trade barriers and advance domestic reforms — Reduce complexity of the tariff structure — Improvement in custom procedures Facilitate the trade through improvement in regional transport and transit system
Measures to Enhance Economic Cooperation (cont.) Promoting Collectivism –To safeguard regional interests in multilateral fora Minimizing Trade Diversion –Reduction in level of external protection
Measures to Enhance Economic Cooperation (cont.) Making SAFTA work −Effective implementation −Conducive political and economic environment & strong willingness for integration −Acceptance for subsequent economic adjustments −Continuous dialogues and interaction
Measures to Enhance Economic Cooperation (cont.) Making SAFTA work (cont.) –Reduced negative list and product specific rules –Broader tariff liberalization –Transparent anti dumping and countervailing duties
Measures to Enhance Economic Cooperation (cont.) Exploring Potential in new areas –Regional production sharing arrangements –Intra-industry trade –Cooperation in technology development and diffusion
Concluding Remarks To move the process of regional economic integration forward we need: −Reduction in trade barriers −Harmonization of custom procedures and tariff structure −Improving transparency in policies −Collectivism −Effective implementation of SAFTA